Human factor Flashcards
what are human factors
deals with the psychological, social, physical, biological and safety characteristics of a user and the system the user is in.
what does human factor include
perception memory fatigue ergonomics error learning and motivation human information processing personality - interpersonal relations communications Human - computer interaction anthropometrics
What are the 2 models used as framework for investigations
SHELL model
James Reason’s SWISS CHEESE model
should be used together
Explain the SHELL model
Software: computer, procedures, manuals, checklist
Hardware: location, movement, coding controls, seat design, displays, helmets
Environment: physical, social eg organisational culture, morale, Physiological eg sleep deprivation, illusions
Liveware: tolerance of temp, sleep stress, movement, communication, physical size. the individual
Liveware: how they work together. crew cooperation, personality, leadership, teamwork
Explain the swiss cheese model
Organisational influence : latent failures
Unsafe supervision: latent failure
Preconditions for unsafe acts: latent failures
Unsafe act: active errors
types of unsafe acts
Errors
- decision errors
- skill-based errors
- perceptual errors
- knowledge/information
violations
- routine
- exceptional
Explain types of preconditions for unsafe acts
level 2 of SWISS cheese
Substandard conditions
- adverse mental states
- adverse physiological states
- physical mental limitations
- equipment
- workspace
- environment
Substandard practices
- Crew resource Mismx
- Qualification/authorisation
- training
Types of unsafe supervision level 3
Inadequate supervision
planned inappropriate operations
Failed to correct problem
Supervisory violations
Types of organisation factors Level 4
Resource management
organisation climate
organisational process
Define errors and violations
Errors
- unintended
- from information problems
Violations
- deliberate
- shaped mainly by attitudes, beliefs, group norms, situations and safety culture
Define active errors vs latent failures/conditions
Active errors
- common
- may or may not cause accident/incident
- front line operators
Latent failures eg problems with design - delayed effect - can cause accident/incident without active errors - supervisors, managers
What type of errors are the hardest to predict
sporadic
define error of omission
failing to do something which should be done eg failure to perform a step in a procedure
define error of commision
doing something which should not be done.
define error of substitution
Performing an action when it is required, but the wrong action
Error management at every level
front line operators- individual and team
system level: design, procedures, training
Organisation level: incidental analysis, audits
The ICAO referenced model for accident investigation is A MOBIL B SHELL C CALTEX D EXON
SHELL
Latent conditions
A can cause accidents or incidents without active errors
B are quite common
C are shaped mainly by attitudes, belief, group norms, situations and safety cultures
A
Can cause accident or incidents without active errors
