Human Chromosomes

Question 1

Autosomes

Answer 1

Two in males and females - most common

Question 2

Sex Chromosome

Answer 2

Not two in males and females

Question 3

Metacentric

Answer 3

The centromere is in the center of the chromosome

Question 4

Acrocentric

Answer 4

The centromere is towards one end of the chromosome

Question 5

Telocentric

Answer 5

The centromere is at one end of the chromosome

Question 6

How are human autosomes named?

Answer 6

By length
Large = 1-5
Med = 6-15
Small = 16-22

Question 7

Where is the location of centromeres on human chromosomes?

Answer 7

Metacentric and acrocentric

Question 8

How to isolate chromosomes?

Answer 8

1. Isolate blood
2. Add WBC growth factor
3. Add microtubule inhibitor
4. Drop cells onto a slide
5. Add Giemsa stain
6. Take a photo and arrange the chromosomes into a standard pattern = karyogram
7. Describe results

Question 9

How to write a karyogram?

Answer 9

Total number of sex chromosomes, sex chromosomes, abnormalities

Question 10

Chromosome Arms

Answer 10

P arm = small

Q arm = tail

Question 11

Chromosome bands

Answer 11

Each chromosome has a metaphase map
Each distinguishable region is called a band
Regions contain bands
Bands contain sub-bands

Question 12

Why are bands not named in order?

Answer 12

Better preparations show more bands

Question 13

What is the actual system of naming bands?

Answer 13

Complex but flexible

Regions are numbered from centromere to each end

Question 14

Chromosomes number changes

Answer 14

Autosome
+ = extra
- = missing

Sex chromosomes
list them

Question 15

Chromosome Abnormalities

Answer 15

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation