HUBS LT 8 Flashcards
what is the first phase of acute infection
Incubation - the pathogen is multiplying, but no signs/symptoms have developed
what is the second phase of acute infection
Prodrome - symptoms begin and pathogens continue to multiply
what is the third phase of acute infection
Illness- typically more severe symptoms appear based on the infection.
what is the fourth phase of acute infection
decline - symptoms start to fade as more pathogens have been eliminated
what is the fifth phase of acute infection
convalescence- signs/symptoms disappear, infection has been eliminated
signs & symptoms of infection
-fatigue
-loss of concentration
-reduced appetite
-fever
benefits of fever during infection
fever is the body’s way of responding to an infection, fever kills or slows down pathogens, and reduces iron and zinc availability which pathogens need to grow.
how is contact transmission a method of disease transmission
this method of transmission occurs when we come into actual contact with the pathogen and can occur in 4 different ways; direct contact, indirect contact, droplet contact, and vertical transmission
how is common vehicle transmission a method of disease transmission
A non-living carrier of a pathogen transmits from their source to someone who can get sick, such as; waterborne, airborne, and foodborne
how is vector transmission a method of disease transmission
A pathogen is transmitted from one host to another via an insect (vector) carrying the pathogen
some common preventative & control measures include:
-avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or infected body fluid
-social distancing
-sterilisation
-vaccines
-antimicrobials
sepsis
A full body inflammation condition that occurs when the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs
who is most at risk of getting sepsis
-older people
-infants
-people with decreased immune systems
signs & symptoms of sepsis
- fever
-drop in oxygen saturation
-hypotension
-decreased urinary loss
prevention of sepsis
-wash hands
-wear gloves
-clean IV ports
-Keep syringes clean and capped until ready to use
nursing care for sepsis
-blood cultures
-lactate labs
-antibiotics
-IV fluids
-supplemental oxygen if needed
-intake and output chart
bacterial infections
A disease caused by harmful bacteria multiplying or releasing toxins in the body.
What is an example of bacterial infections
Group A Streptococcus infection- a group of bacteria that can cause a variety of different illnesses.
what is a treatment option of Group A Streptococcus infection
Antibiotics
what is a prevention option for Group A Streptococcus infection
avoiding contact, hand washing, and using good respiratory hygiene
viral infections
illness caused by viruses, small infectious agents that invade and replicate inside host cells.
how are Group A Streptococcus infections transmitted?
droplet transmission, direct contact with skin sores
what is an example of a viral infection?
influenza - is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses
what is a preventative option for influenza
hand washing and pulmonary hygiene
what is a treatment option for influenza
Anti-viral medication
fungal infections
diseases caused by fungi and can affect the skin, hair, nails, mucous membranes, and even internal organs
what are some examples of fungal infections
-thrush
-skin infections
what is the function of anti-fungal medications for fungal infections
killing fungal cells or preventing them from growing and multiplying
vertical transmission is a type of:
contact transmission
what are the three common vehicles for common vehicle transmission?
Air, water, and food
what is the most widely used method of sterilisation
application of heat
which type of microorganism do antibiotics affect?
bacteria, and occasionally some types of fungi
how does rheumatic fever develop after a group A streptococcal infection?
Auto-immune reaction to a protein on human cells
A disease in a person with a weakened immune system caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease is called:
An opportunistic infection
what would predispose a person to developing thrush
use of antibiotics, diagnosis of HIV, chemotherapy after a cancer diagnosis
what are the five steps of inflammation that lead to sepsis
-releasee of histamine and other chemicals
-vasodilation
-increased capillary permeability
-WBC migration
-Platelet aggregation and clotting cascade activation
your patient started to have diarrhea today. She said her family brought her in food last night, and it tasted off, but she didn’t want to offend them. Which kind of precaution do you place her under?
Contact transmission
You receive a call that your patient has tested positive for tuberculosis. Which precaution do you initiate?
Airborne precautions
