HUBS LT 6 Flashcards
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A general term for lung problem disorders that slowly make it harder to breath (decreased airflow). This is because the lungs change in structure over time, which makes it harder for oxygen to get into the blood and carbon dioxide to get out.
causes of COPD
-Tobacco smoking
-air pollution
-family history
diagnosis of COPD:
-symptoms
-history of exposure to irritants
-lung function tests
treatment of COPD
-medication
-vaccination
-oxygen therapy
-surgery
signs & symptoms of COPD
-Breathlessness
-shortness of breath
-cough
-chest tightness
emphysema
a lung condition where the tiny air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) gets larger and loses their shape. This leads to lunsg becoming over-inflated and makes it harder for oxygen and carbon dioxide to move in and out.
chronic bronchitis
A long term inflammation of the airways in the lungs. It is diagnosed when someone has a cough with mucus for more than 3 months in a year, for a least 2 years in a row
difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis
emphysema damages the tiny air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe, while chronic bronchitis involves inflammation of the airways, leading to persistent coughing and mucus production
asthma
A chronic condition where the airways becoming inflamed and narrow, making it harder to breathe. It is likely caused by both genetic and environmental factors
signs & symptoms of asthma
-wheezing
-persistent cough
-shortness of breathe
-chest tightness
cystic fibrosis
A genetic condition passed down from both parents. Thick mucus can block airways and cause serious breathing problems, especially in the lungs.
signs & symptoms of asthma
-persistent cough
-wheezing
-frequent lung infection
what is the most common cause of COPD
smoking
hypoxemia
low blood oxygen levels
hypercapnia
high blood carbon dioxide levels
hypoxia
low oxygen levels in cells/tissues
cor pulmonale
right ventricular enlargement and failure
atelectasis
Lung/aveolar collapse
what occur during an asthma attack
-bronchonstriction
-increased mucus production
-bronchial inflammation & oedema
what are two different types of Asthma medication?
- Bronchodilators
-steriods
what is the function of the asthma medication, bronchodilators
relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen and make breathing easier
what is the function of the asthma medication, steroids
reduce inflammation in the airways, preventing and controlling asthma symptoms.
