HUBS LT 4 Flashcards
anemia
a condition where the blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body’s tissue.
common signs & symptoms
-fatigue
-feeling cold
-pallor (paleness)
iron deficiency anemia
a condition where your blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body’s tissue
risk factors of iron deficiency anemia
-pregnancy
-blood loss
-heavy menstruation
causes of iron deficiency anemia
-decreased iron intake
-decreased iron absorption
-increased demand of iron
-increased loss of iron
treatment options of iron deficiency anemia
-oral iron supplements
-ferrous sulfate
-severe cases - blood transfusion
macrocytic anemia
when red blood cells are too large and immature. Because they’re not fully developed, they don’t carry oxygen as well and don’t live as long as normal RBCs.
causes of macrocytic anemia
-certain medications
-pregnancy
-kidney dialysis
hemolytic anemia
red blood cells are destroyed too quickly. Can be inherited or caused by diseases, infections, or chemicals
anemia of chronic disease
caused by long-term illnesses or inflammation
post-hemorrhagic anemia
happens after sudden blood loss, faster than the body can replace blood.
aplastic anemia
bone marrow stops making enough blood cells. can be inherited or caused by infections, drugs, or radiation
thalassemia
inherited disorder that lowers hemoglobin production
sickle cell anemia
inherited condition where RBCs are oddly shaped and can’t carry oxygen well
difference between different types of anemias:
-some are inherited
-some are due to other diseases
-each one affects RBCs differently
thrombocytopenia
when you have too few platelets in your blood. Platelets help your blood clots, so if you don’t have enough, you bleed more easily.
common causes of thrombocytopenia
-viral infections
-poor nutrition
-cancer
-certain medications
treatment of thrombocytopenia
-mild cases may have no treatment
-severe cases: may require medication, platelet transfusion or surgery
hemophilia
A genetic disorder that mostly affects males. It happens because the body can’t make enough clotting factors, which are needed to stop bleeding.
treatment options of hemophilia
Clotting factor infusions to replace the missing factors
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
serious condition where blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels and potentially leading to to organ dysfunction or bleeding.
causative factors of disseminated intravascular coagulation
-sepsis
-severe trauma
-pregnancy
signs & symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation
-bleeding from cuts or infection sites
-trouble breathing
-red or purple spots on skin
-seizures
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs
risk factors of deep vein thrombosis
-surgery
-obesity
-smoking
-dehydration
signs & symptoms of deep vein thrombosis
-swelling
-warmth
-redness
-pain in the leg
embolism
When a clot gets stuck in a blood vessel that is too small, blocking blood flow
pulmonary embolism
a serious condition where a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks a blood vessel, potentially blocking oxygen flow to the body.
signs & symptoms of pulmonary embolism
-chest pain
-sudden cough
-shortness of breathe
-increased respiratory rate
treatment of pulmonary embolism
-blood thinners (anticoagulants)
-surgery
what is the function of the anemic medication, minerals
refill essential nutrients and improve the body’s ability to produce red blood cells, thereby treating and preventing various types of anemia
what is the function of embolism medication, anti-platelets
preventing platelets from sticking together and forming clots, which can lead to blockages in blood vessels
what is the function of embolism medication, anticoagulant
preventing blood clots from forming or getting bigger
macrocytic anemia causes
-vitamin B12 deficiency
-folate deficiency
which of the following increases the risk of folate deficiency anemia
alcoholism
hemophilia more commonly affects males. Why?
Because it is an X-linked trait, meaning the defensive gene is carried on the X chromosome so any male that inherits it will have hemophilia
three main factors which promote deep vein thrombosis
-endothelial injury
-blood stasis
-hypercoagulability
some preventative measures for DVT:
-staying hydrated
-avoid standing or sitting for long periods of time
which of the following possible outcomes of DVT carries the greatest risk?
embolisation
what is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
