HS1-8 Pectoral Girdle Flashcards
1
Q
What two bones form the pectoral girdle?
A
clavicle and scapula
2
Q
The two halves of the pectoral girdle attach at
A
the manubrium of the sternum
3
Q
(T/F) The scapula is directly attached to the vertebral column.
A
False. The scapula has no direct connection to the vertebral column, and it is connected to the trunk via muscles.
4
Q
Contrast the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
A
pectoral girdle = appendicular skeleton but pelvic girdle = integrated into axial skeleton; pectoral girdle = allows for great mobility but pelvic girdle = limits mobility
5
Q
What is the function of the scapula’s glenoid cavity?
A
articulation with head of humerus
6
Q
What are the structures located immediately above and below the glenoid cavity, and what is their significance?
A
supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles give rise to the origins of the long head of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii, respectively
7
Q
Movements of the pectoral girdle or shoulder involve what joints?
A
3 joints —sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral
8
Q
What is the scapulothoracic joint?
A
a fourth, hypothetical joint in the pectoral girdle that connects the scapula to the axial skeleton
9
Q
When fully elevating the arm, for every 3° of elevation, how much elevation occurs at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints?
A
for every 3° of elevation, 2° of elevation occurs at glenohumeral joint and 1° of elevation occurs at scapulothoracic joint
10
Q
The sternoclavicular joint is what kind of joint?
A
saddle-type joint that functions as ball-and-socket joint
11
Q
The sternoclavicular joint allows movement in which planes?
A
allows movement in all 3 planes
12
Q
What ligaments hold the sternoclavicular joint together?
A
anterior sternoclavicular ligament
posterior sternoclavicular ligament
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament
13
Q
The acromioclavicular joint is what kind of joint?
A
plane-type joint
14
Q
The acromioclavicular joint allows movement in which planes?
A
allows movement in 2 planes
15
Q
What actually causes the acromioclavicular joint to move?
A
the thoracoappendicular muscles that attach to and move the scapula cause the acromion to move on the clavicle
16
Q
What structure strengthens the acromioclavicular joint?
A
the acromioclavicular ligament
17
Q
What structure maintains the integrity of the acromioclavicular joint?
A
the coracoclavicular ligament
18
Q
The coracoclavicular ligament is further divided into what structures?
A
conoid and trapezoid ligaments
19
Q
Which ligaments stabilize the acromioclavicular joint?
A
acromioclavicular ligament (strengthens) and coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid, maintains integrity of)
20
Q
What is the coraco-acrominal joint?
A
ligament that connects two processes of the scapula but does NOT strengthen or cross the acromioclavicular joint
21
Q
What is the function of the coraco-acrominal joint?
A
prevents superior dislocation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid cavity of the scapula
22
Q
What are the six primary movements of the pectoral girdle?
A
elevation/depression; protraction/retraction; superior/inferior rotation
23
Q
**List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with elevation of the pectoral girdle. Identify the prime mover.
A
prime mover: trapezius
24
Q
**List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with depression of the pectoral girdle. Identify the prime mover.
A
“Sad People Pray To Laugh”
prime mover: gravity
25
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with superior rotation of the pectoral girdle. Identify the prime mover.
prime mover: both muscles
26
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with inferior rotation of the pectoral girdle. Identify the prime mover.
prime mover: latissimus dorsi
27
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with protraction of the pectoral girdle. Identify the prime mover.
prime mover: serratus anterior
28
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with retraction of the pectoral girdle. Identify the prime mover.
"Retract from a **L**ong **T**erm **R**elationship"
prime mover: trapezius
29
What is the functional structure of the glenohumeral joint?
provides for articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
30
What is the most mobile joint in the body?
glenohumeral joint
31
What is the most frequently dislocated joint in the body?
glenohumeral joint
32
How many axes of movement does the glenohumeral joint allow for?
3
33
What is the glenoid labrum?
a fibrous ring that deepens the glenohumeral joint and adds limited stability
34
Which ligaments strengthen the glenohumeral joint?
glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments
35
What ligament supports the weight of the glenohumeral joint?
coracohumeral ligament
36
What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?
strengthen glenohumeral joint and support weight of the joint
37
What is the functional structure of the coraco-acrominal ligament?
connects acromion and coracoid process
38
What is the function of the coraco-acrominal ligament?
prevents superior displacement of the humeral head
39
How do dislocations of the glenohumeral joint typically occur?
dislocations usually occur antero-inferiorly, particularly when the shoulder is abducted, because there are no strong supporting structures inferior to the glenohumeral joint
40
Which muscles make up the rotator cuff muscle group? List their sources of innervation, as well.
supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve); infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve); teres minor (axillary nerve); subscapularis (upper and lower subscapular nerves) - SITS - SSAUL
41
Clinically, what is the anatomical basis of a shoulder separation?
when the acromioclavicular joint and the coracoclavicular ligament tear, "separating" the shoulder from the clavicle
42
What are the six primary movements of the glenohumeral joint?
flexion/extension; abduction/adduction; medial and lateral rotation
43
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the glenohumeral joint.
BCAP
44
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the glenohumeral joint.
PTLTP (palindrome)
45
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with abduction of the glenohumeral joint.
46
The muscles that contribute to flexion of the glenohumeral joint are generally innervated by
anterior primary ramus of C5 spinal nerve
47
The muscles that contribute to extension of the glenohumeral joint are generally innervated by
anterior primary rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves
48
The muscles that contribute to abduction of the glenohumeral joint are generally innervated by
anterior primary ramus of C5 spinal nerve
49
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with adduction of the glenohumeral joint.
**T**iny **L**ittle **P**enguins
50
The muscles that contribute to adduction of the glenohumeral joint are generally innervated by
anterior primary rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves
51
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with lateral/external rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
TIP - (like asking for a tip)
52
The muscles that contribute to lateral/external rotation of the glenohumeral joint are generally innervated by
anterior primary ramus of C5 spinal nerve
53
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with medial/internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
SPLAT
54
The muscles that contribute to medial/internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint are generally innervated by
anterior primary rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves
55
What are the two sources of cutaneous innervation to the shoulder region?
supraclavicular nerves; superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
56
What is the source of the supraclavicular nerve?
cervical plexus, C3-C4
57
What is the source of the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm?
comes from axillary nerve of brachial plexus (C5-C6)
58
What is an alternative name for the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm?
superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
59
What innervates the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve - C3/C4/C5
60
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the elbow.
61
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the elbow.
62
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with radio-ulnar supination.
63
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with radio-ulnar pronation.
64
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the wrist.
65
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the wrist.
66
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with abduction/radial deviation of the wrist.
67
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with adduction/ulnar deviation of the wrist.
68
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the thumb.
69
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the thumb.
70
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with abduction of the thumb.
71
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with adduction of the thumb.
72
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with opposition of the thumb.
73
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with reposition of the thumb.
74
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint.
75
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint.
76
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with abduction of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint.
77
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with adduction of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint.
78
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
79
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
80
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint.
81
\*\*List the muscles (along with their sources of innervation) associated with extension of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint.
82
What muscles are associated with table topping?
lumbricals; palmar interossei; dorsal interossei
83
What is the proximal attachment of the clavicular part of the pectoralis major?
medial half of clavicle
84
What innervates the pectoralis major?
lateral and medial pectoral nerve
85
What innervates the pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve
86
What is the proximal attachment of the serratus anterior?
lateral parts of ribs 1-9
87
What is the distal attachment of the serratus anterior?
scapula
88
What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve
89
What nerve innervates the trapezius?
CN-XI
90
What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal
91
What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?
dorsal scapular nerve
92
What nerve innervates the rhomboid minor?
dorsal scapular nerve
93
What nerve innervates the rhomboid major?
dorsal scapular
94
What is the proximal attachment of the anterior part of the deltoid?
lateral third of clavicle
95
What is the proximal attachment of the middle part of the deltoid?
acromion of scapula
96
What is the proximal attachment of the posterior part of the deltoid?
scapular spine
97
What is the distal attachment of the deltoid?
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
98
What nerve innervates the deltoid?
axillary nerve
99
What nerve innervates the teres major?
lower subscapular nerve
100
What nerve innervates the supraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve
101
What nerve innervates the infraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve
102
What nerve innervates the teres minor?
axillary nerve
103
What nerve innervates the subscapularis?
upper and lower subscapular
104
What nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?
musculocutaneous nerve
105
What is the proximal attachment of the long head of the biceps brachii?
supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
106
What is the proximal attachment of the short head of the biceps brachii?
tip of coracoid process of scapula
107
What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?
tuberosity radius and fascia of forearm via bicepital aponeurosis
108
What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
musculocutaneous nerve
109
What nerve innervates the brachialis?
musculocutaneous nerve
110
What is the proximal attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii?
infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
111
What is the proximal attachment of the lateral head of the triceps brachii?
posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
112
What is the proximal attachment of the medial head of the triceps brachii?
posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
113
What is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii?
proximal end of olecranon of ulna
114
What nerve innervates the triceps brachii?
radial nerve
115
What nerve innervates the anconeus?
radial nerve
116
What nerve innervates the pronator teres?
median nerve
117
What are the origins of the pronator teres?
ulna; humerus
118
What are the insertions of the pronator teres?
radius
119
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
medial epicondyle of humerus
120
What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
base of 2nd metacarpal
121
What nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?
median
122
What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?
medial epicondyle of humerus
123
What is the distal attachment of the palmaris longus?
distal half of flexor retinaculum and proximal part of palmar aponeurosis
124
What nerve innervates the palmaris longus?
median
125
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon and posterior border of ulna
126
What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
pisiform; hook of hamate; 5th metacarpal
127
What nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?
ulnar
128
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum profundus?
proximal 3/4 of the medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
129
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum profundus?
base of distal phalanges of the medial four digits
130
What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum profundus?
ulnar nerve (medial two heads); median nerve (anterior interosseous branch + lateral two heads)
131
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
anterior surface of radius; adjacent interosseous membrane
132
What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
base of distal phalanx of thumb
133
What nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus?
median nerve
134
What is the origin of the pronator quadratus?
ulna
135
What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?
radius
136
What nerve innervates the pronator quadratus?
median nerve
137
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna
138
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
139
What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?
median nerve
140
What is the origin of the brachioradialis?
supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
141
What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
distal end of radius
142
What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
radial nerve
143
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
144
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
145
What nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis longus?
radial nerve
146
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
147
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
148
What nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
deep branch of radial nerve
149
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
150
What is the distal attachment of the extensor digitorum?
extensor expansions of medial 4 digits
151
What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
152
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
153
What is the distal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?
extensor expansions of 5th digit
154
What nerve innervates the extensor digiti minimi?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
155
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna
156
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
157
What nerve innervates the extensor carpi ulnaris?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
158
What is the origin of the supinator?
lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial ligaments; ulna
159
What is the insertion of the supinator?
proximal third of radius
160
What nerve innervates the supinator?
deep branch of radius
161
What are the 3 outcropping muscles?
abductor pollicis longus; extensor pollicis brevis; extensor pollicis longus
162
What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?
posterior surface of proximal halves of radius, interosseous membrane, and ulna
163
What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?
base of 1st metacarpal
164
What nerve innervates the abductor pollicis longus?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
165
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?
posterior surface of middle third of radius and interosseous membrane
166
What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?
dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
167
What nerve innervates the extensor pollicis brevis?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
168
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?
posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
169
What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
170
What nerve innervates the extensor pollicis longus?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
171
What is the proximal attachment of the extensor indicis?
posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
172
What is the distal attachment of the extensor indicis?
extensor expansion of 2nd digit
173
What nerve innervates the extensor indicis?
posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
174
What are the thenar muscles?
adductor pollicis; abductor pollicis brevis; flexor pollicis brevis; opponens pollicis
175
What are the hypothenar muscles?
abductor digiti minimi; flexor digiti minimi brevis; opponens digiti minimi
176
What is the proximal attachment of the adductor pollicis?
(transverse head) anterior 3rd metacarpal; (oblique head) base of 2nd/3rd metacarpals
177
What is the distal attachment of the adductor pollicis?
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
178
What nerve innervates the adductor pollicis?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
179
What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?
flexor retinaculum; scaphoid; trapezium
180
What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?
lateral side of base of proximal phalange of thumb
181
What nerve innervates the abductor pollicis brevis?
recurrent branch of median nerve
182
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis brevis?
flexor retinaculum; capitate; trapezium
183
What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis brevis?
medial side of base of proximal phalange of thumb
184
What nerve innervates the flexor pollicis brevis?
recurrent branch of median nerve
185
What is the proximal attachment of the opponens pollicis?
trapezium
186
What is the distal attachment of the opponens pollicis?
lateral border of 1st metacarpal
187
What nerve innervates the opponens pollicis?
recurrent branch of median nerve
188
What is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?
pisiform
189
What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
190
What nerve innervates the abductor digiti minimi?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
191
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
hook of hamate; flexor retinaculum
192
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
193
What nerve innervates the flexor digitor minimi brevis?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
194
What is the proximal attachment of the opponens digiti minimi?
hook of hamate; flexor retinaculum
195
What is the distal attachment of the opponens digiti minimi?
medial border of 5th metacarpal
196
What nerve innervates the opponens digiti minimi?
deep branch of ulnar nerve
197
What is the proximal attachment of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
lateral two tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
198
What is the distal attachment of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd and 3rd digits
199
What nerve innervates the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
median nerve
200
What is the proximal attachment of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
201
What is the distal attachment of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
lateral sides of extensor expansions of 4th and 5th digits
202
What nerve innervates the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
deep branch of ulnar nerve
203
What is the proximal attachment of the 1st-4th dorsal interossei?
adjacent sides of two metacarpals
204
What nerve innervates the 1st-4th dorsal interossei?
deep branch of ulnar nerve
205
What nerve innervates the 1st-3rd palmar interossei?
deep branch of ulnar nerve
206
What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?
clavicle; costal cartilages; anterior layer of rectus sheath
207
What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?
humerus
208
What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?
ribs 3-5
209
What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?
coracoid process of scapula
210
What is the proximal attachment of the serratus anterior?
lateral parts of ribs 1-9
211
What is the distal attachment of the serratus anterior?
scapula
212
What is the distal attachment of the trapezius?
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
213
What is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
214
What is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae?
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
215
What is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae?
superior angle of scapula
216
What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor?
spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
217
What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor?
triangular area at medial end of scapular spine
218
What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major?
spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
219
What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major?
medial border of scapula
220
What is the proximal attachment of the teres major?
posterior surface, inferior angle of scapula
221
What is the distal attachment of the teres major?
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
222
What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?
supraspinous fossa of scapula
223
What is the distal attachment of the supraspinatus?
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
224
What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus?
infraspinous fossa of scapula
225
What is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus?
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
226
What is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?
middle part of lateral border of scapula
227
What is the distal attachment of the teres minor?
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
228
What is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis?
subscapular fossa of scapula
229
What is the distal attachment of the subscapularis?
lesser tubercle of humerus
230
\*\*Label the following diagram of the bones of the pectoral girdle.
231
\*\*Label the following diagram of the clavicle.
232
\*\*Label the following diagram of the scapula.
233
\*\*Label the following diagram of joints of the pectoral girdle.
234
\*\*Label the following diagram of clavicular ligaments.
235
\*\*Label the following diagram of glenohumeral joints.
236
\*\*Label the following diagram of the humerus.
237
\*\*Label the following diagram of cutaneous innervation of the shoulder region.
238
How do you tell the difference between the suprascapular artery and nerve?
artery goes over (ARMY) and nerve goes under (NAVY)
239
What three muscles attach to the coracoid process?
biceps brachii; coracobrachialis; pectoralis minor
