How do we move - Lecture 7 Flashcards
What are the types of muscle?
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
What is cardiac muscle used for?
Used for the heart.
It is used for involuntary action
Striated
What is smooth muscle used for?
Used for tubes narrowing
It is an involuntary action
What is Skeleton muscle used for?
Used for Skeleton movement
How is Skeletal muscle organised?
Divided into Fasicles
Within a Fasicle it is composed of Muscle Fibres
Muscle fibres are composed of Myofibrils
What is a skeletal Myofibril composed of?
Composed of Actin and Myosin
What are the different types of Skeletal muscle?
Flat Muscle Quadrate Muscle Fusiform Muscle Pennate Muscle Sphincteral Muscle
What do the contractile muscle of the body collectively form?
The muscle belly
What is an Aponerosis?
A flattened tendon associated with Flat Muscle
What are the two points a skeletal muscle articulates?
The Origin
The Insertion
What muscle spans the anterior aspect of the shoulder?
Biceps Brachii
What muscle helps brings about the flexion of the elbow?
Biceps Brachii
What join produces supination of the forearm?
Radio-Ulnar Joint
What actions does Biceps Brachi carry out
- Flexion of the shoulder Joint
- Flexion at the Elbow Joint
- Supination of the forearm
What are the origins of the deltoid muscle?
- Origin on Spine of Scapula
- Orgin on Acromion Process on Scapula
- Origin on Clavicle
How is a skeletal muscle examined?
- Inspection
- Palpation - Gently touch with fingers
- Passive movement- to test muscle tone (gently move the joints of the muscle the muscle spans
though their full range of movement) - Active movement - against resistance to test power
- Deep tendon reflexes - use of tendon hammer
What is a reflex?
A reflex is a rapid, predictable, involuntary reaction to danger
What is the nerve transmission in a reflex?
Sensory Nerves -> connects to Spinal Cord -> Motor Nerve
What is the synapse were the motor nerve communicates with the skeletal muscle?
The Neuromuscular junction
What dampens overly strong reflexes?
Descending controls from the brain
What does a normal reflex indicate is not damaged?
The Muscles The Sensory Nerve Fibres Motor Nerves Spinal Cord Connections Descending Controls from the brain
What is a symptom of muscle paralysis?
Reduced tone of the muscle
What does Muscle spasticity indicate?
Muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve
Descending controls from brain are not working
On examination the muscle would have an increased tone - tight
What is Muscle Hypertrophy?
In Muscle Hypertrophy the skeletal muscles enlarge, this occurs instead of new cells being created - This is Hypoplasia
What is Hypoplasia?
an increase in the number of cells or a proliferation of cells. It may result in the gross enlargement of an organ
What is Muscle Atrophy?
In Muscle Atrophy, the atrophied Muscle’s myocytes become smaller, collectively reducing the muscle’s bulk
When does muscle atrophy occur?
Muscle wasting can occur due to damage to motor nerve supply
What are the layers of skin?
Epidermis Dermis Superficial Fascia Deep Fascia Skeletal Muscle
How many compartments are there in the arm?
2 compartments
How many compartments are there in the forearm?
2 compartments
How many compartments are there in the Thigh
1 compartments
How many compartments are there in the leg?
2 compartments
What is Compartment Syndrome?
Compartment Syndrome is Bleeding in one of the compartments, that will cause an increase in
Pressure
What procedure is done to treat compartment syndrome?
A Fasciotomy Procedure
What type of muscle is the diaphragm?
Skeletal Muscle
