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Anatomy - Principles > How do we move - Lecture 7 > Flashcards

How do we move - Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A

Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

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2
Q

What is cardiac muscle used for?

A

Used for the heart.
It is used for involuntary action
Striated

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3
Q

What is smooth muscle used for?

A

Used for tubes narrowing

It is an involuntary action

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4
Q

What is Skeleton muscle used for?

A

Used for Skeleton movement

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5
Q

How is Skeletal muscle organised?

A

Divided into Fasicles

Within a Fasicle it is composed of Muscle Fibres

Muscle fibres are composed of Myofibrils

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6
Q

What is a skeletal Myofibril composed of?

A

Composed of Actin and Myosin

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7
Q

What are the different types of Skeletal muscle?

A 
Flat Muscle
Quadrate Muscle 
Fusiform Muscle 
Pennate Muscle 
Sphincteral Muscle
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8
Q

What do the contractile muscle of the body collectively form?

A

The muscle belly

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9
Q

What is an Aponerosis?

A

A flattened tendon associated with Flat Muscle

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10
Q

What are the two points a skeletal muscle articulates?

A

The Origin

The Insertion

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11
Q

What muscle spans the anterior aspect of the shoulder?

A

Biceps Brachii

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12
Q

What muscle helps brings about the flexion of the elbow?

A

Biceps Brachii

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13
Q

What join produces supination of the forearm?

A

Radio-Ulnar Joint

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14
Q

What actions does Biceps Brachi carry out

A
  1. Flexion of the shoulder Joint
  2. Flexion at the Elbow Joint
  3. Supination of the forearm
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15
Q

What are the origins of the deltoid muscle?

A
  1. Origin on Spine of Scapula
  2. Orgin on Acromion Process on Scapula
  3. Origin on Clavicle
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16
Q

How is a skeletal muscle examined?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation - Gently touch with fingers
  3. Passive movement- to test muscle tone (gently move the joints of the muscle the muscle spans
    though their full range of movement)
  4. Active movement - against resistance to test power
  5. Deep tendon reflexes - use of tendon hammer
17
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A reflex is a rapid, predictable, involuntary reaction to danger

18
Q

What is the nerve transmission in a reflex?

A

Sensory Nerves -> connects to Spinal Cord -> Motor Nerve

19
Q

What is the synapse were the motor nerve communicates with the skeletal muscle?

A

The Neuromuscular junction

20
Q

What dampens overly strong reflexes?

A

Descending controls from the brain

21
Q

What does a normal reflex indicate is not damaged?

A 
The Muscles
The Sensory Nerve Fibres
Motor Nerves
Spinal Cord Connections
Descending Controls from the brain
22
Q

What is a symptom of muscle paralysis?

A

Reduced tone of the muscle

23
Q

What does Muscle spasticity indicate?

A

Muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve

Descending controls from brain are not working

On examination the muscle would have an increased tone - tight

24
Q

What is Muscle Hypertrophy?

A

In Muscle Hypertrophy the skeletal muscles enlarge, this occurs instead of new cells being created - This is Hypoplasia

25
Q

What is Hypoplasia?

A

an increase in the number of cells or a proliferation of cells. It may result in the gross enlargement of an organ

26
Q

What is Muscle Atrophy?

A

In Muscle Atrophy, the atrophied Muscle’s myocytes become smaller, collectively reducing the muscle’s bulk

27
Q

When does muscle atrophy occur?

A

Muscle wasting can occur due to damage to motor nerve supply

28
Q

What are the layers of skin?

A 
Epidermis 
Dermis
Superficial Fascia
Deep Fascia
Skeletal Muscle
29
Q

How many compartments are there in the arm?

A

2 compartments

30
Q

How many compartments are there in the forearm?

A

2 compartments

31
Q

How many compartments are there in the Thigh

A

1 compartments

32
Q

How many compartments are there in the leg?

A

2 compartments

33
Q

What is Compartment Syndrome?

A

Compartment Syndrome is Bleeding in one of the compartments, that will cause an increase in
Pressure

34
Q

What procedure is done to treat compartment syndrome?

A

A Fasciotomy Procedure

35
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

Skeletal Muscle

Anatomy - Principles (11 decks)

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