Anatomy Lecture 4: What bones Commonly Fracture? Flashcards
How many bones are in the adult skeleton?
206
What are bones of neonatal Babies composed of?
Bones of neonatal Babies begins as Hyaline Cartilage
What is the name of the processes of ossification of hyaline cartilage?
Endochondral Ossification
How can the structure of bone be divided?
Outer Cortex
Inner Medulla
What is the Outer Cortex of Bone made from?
Compact cortical bone
What is the Inner Medulla made from?
Cancellous bone
What is the site of red and white cell formation?
Bone marrow
What is the most superficial layer of bone called?
The Periosteum
Why does the neck of the femur commonly fracture?
Made of less compact bone
More angled structure/thinner.
What are the vessels that carry blood to the Periosteum?
Periosteal Arteries
What is founded around a fracture line?
A Callus - starts out as lump of bone. It is then remodelled
What is putting the bone back into its normal line surgically called?
Reducing the Fracture
What are the bone processes on the upper limb?
Greater Tubercle of the Humerus
Styloid process of the radius
What are the bone processes on the lower limb?
Ischial Tuberosity of Pelvis
Lesser Trochanter of the Femur
Femoral Condyl of the Knee
Tibial Tuberosity of the Tibia
Malleolus of the ankle
How is a Foreamen formed?
Adjacent structure applies a force
Bone has to grow round structure
Bone that have a hole in it are called a Foreamen
How can the skeleton be divided?
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?
Bones of the skull
Bones of the neck
Bones of the trunk - chest, abdomen, back
What are the bones of the facial skeleton?
The Zygoma
The Maxilla
The Mandible
The Nasal Bone
What is a Le Fort 1 fracture?
Le fort 1: This is a Maxilla Fracture
What is a Le Fort 2 fracture?
Le fort 2: This is a Nasal Fracture alongside a zygoma fracture
What is a Le Fort 3 fracture?
Le fort 3 : Separates bones of face from the bones of the cranial vault.
What are the parts of the Mandible?
Mental Process Mental Foramen The Body The Lower border The Angle The Ramus The Condylar Process The Coronoid process
How many bones are there in the spine?
33
What are the 5 parts of the spine?
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal
How many cervical bones are there in the spine?
C1-C7
How many thoracic bones are there in the spine?
T1-T12
How many Lumbar bones are there in the spine?
5 Lumbar bone
How many Sacral bones are there in a spine?
5 - fused together to form the sacrum
How many Coccygeal bones are there in the spine?
4 - Fused to form the coccyx
What are the processes of the Vertebrae?
Spinuous Process
Two Transverse Process
Two Superior Articular Process
Two Inferior Articular Processes
What is the part of the Vertebae that connects the spinous process?
The Lamina
What is the part of the Vertebrae that connecst the Vertebral Body?
The Pedicle
What is the name of C1?
Atlas
What is the name of C2
Axis
How many ribs are there?
12 pairs of ribs
What are true ribs?
True ribs attached via costal cartilage to the sternum
1-6
What are false ribs?
False ribs 7-10 - False ribs attach via costal cartilage above to the sternum
What are floating ribs?
Floating ribs do not attach to the sternum
11-12
What does the upper limb consist of?
Arm
Forearm
Hand
What does the Lower Limb consist of?
Thigh
Leg
Foot
What is the bone of the arm?
The Humerus
What are the bones of the forearm?
Radius
Ulna
What are the bones of the hand?
Carpal Bone
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What are the bones of the carpal?
Scaphoid (Some) Lunate (Lovers) Triquetrum (Try) Pisiform (Positions) Trapezium (That) Trapezoid(They) Capitate (Can't) Hamate (Handle)
What are the bones of the lower limb?
Thigh
Leg
Foot
What is the bone of the thigh?
Femur
What are the bones of the leg?
Tibia
Fibula
What are the bones of the foot?
Tarsal Bones
Metatarsals
Phalanges
