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Anatomy - Principles > Aanatomy: What do Nerves do (Part 1) > Flashcards

Aanatomy: What do Nerves do (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Nerve system?

A

Sense things (sensory functions)

Move about (motor/organ functions)

Make secretions (included as organ function)

React reflexly (reflexes)

Higher functions

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2
Q

How can the nervous system be divided?

A

Central Nervous system

Peripheral Nervous system

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3
Q

In the CNS what is a group of cell bodies called?

A

A Nucleus

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4
Q

In the PNS what is a group of cell bodies called?

A

A ganglion

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5
Q

What are bundles of axons travelling in the CNS called?

A

A Tract

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6
Q

What are the bundles of axons travelling in the PNS called?

A

A Peripheral nerve

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7
Q

What covers the axon for insulation?

A

Myelin sheath

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8
Q

When is the term “nerve” used?

A

When referring to the peripheral nerve

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9
Q

What are bundles of axons that leave the peripheral nerve called?

A

Branches

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10
Q

Where must a peripheral nerve synapse?

A

In the ganglion in the PNS - where the cell bodies are found

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11
Q

What type of signal is sent?

A

Initially a electrical signal is sent. It then forms a chemical signal

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12
Q

How can the brain be divided into two?

A

The Cerebrum

The Cerebellum

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13
Q

How can the cerebrum be divided?

A

Left Cerebral Hemisphere

Right Cerebral Hemisphere

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14
Q

What are gyri?

A

Ridge on the cerebral neocortex (cortex ) of the brain

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15
Q

What are Sulci?

A

Fissure/Furrow on the cerebral neocortex (cortex) of the brain

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16
Q

What is the cerebral neocortex composed of?

A

Gyri

Sulci

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17
Q

How many lobes does the cerebral hemisphere consist of?

A

4 lobes

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18
Q

How are the 4 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere named?

A

According to the bone of the cranial vault they lie in

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19
Q

What are the names of the lobes of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Occipital lobe

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20
Q

What separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres sagittally of the brain?

A

The Longitudinal fissure

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21
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A 
CN I - The Olfactory Nerve 
CNII - The Optic Nerve 
CNIII - The Oculomotor Nerve 
CNIV - The Trochlear Nerve 
CN V - The  Trigeminal Nerve 
CN VI - The Abducent Nerve 
CN VII - The Facial Nerve 
CN VIII - The Vestibulocochlear 
CN IX - The Glossopharyngeal
CN X - The Vagus Nerve 
CN XI - The Spinal Accessory 
CN XII - The Hypoglossal nerve
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22
Q

What are the parts of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Spinal Cord

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23
Q

What are the fossa of the skull?

A

The Anterior Cranial Fossa
The Middle Fossa
The Posterior Cranial Fossa

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24
Q

What Foraminae are found in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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25
What Foraminae are found in the Middle cranial Fossa (On the sphenoid bone)?
Optic Canal Superior Orbital fissure Foramen Rotundum Foramen Ovale
26
What Foraminae are found in the Middle Cranial Fossa (On the temporal bone) ?
Internal Acoustic Meatus | Jugular Foramen
27
What Foraminae are found in the Posterior Cranial Fossa (The Occipital bone)
Hypoglossal Canal | Foramen Magnum
28
What cranial nerve's foramenae are in the Anterior Cranial Fossa?
CN I
29
What cranial nerve's foramenae are in the Middle Cranial Fossa?
CN II - CN VI
30
What cranial nerve's foramenae are in the Posterior Cranial Fossa?
CN VII - CN XII
31
What is the name given for a CNs journey between CNS and the peripheral structures it supplies
Its Course
32
What is white matter?
Myelinated axons - giving it a white appearance
33
What type of matter is the spinal cord?
White matter
34
What is the grey matter?
The outermost layer is full of cell bodies
35
Describe the spinal cord?
Spinal cord runs down centre White matter is located superficcally Grey matter deep to the white matter Anterior Horn of spinal cord - thicker part of grey matter Posterior Horn of spinal cord - thinner part of grey matter
36
What are the parts of the spine?
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral/coccygeal
37
What foramen does the spinal cord pass through?
Passes through the Foramen Magnum
38
What is the spinal cord protected by?
The Vertebral canal
39
What does the spinal cord connect to bilaterally?
31 spinal nerves
40
What are the two enlargements of the spine?
Cervical enlargement | Lumbosacral enlargement
41
Where does the spinal cord end?
Ends at the L1/L2 disc level
42
What forms the Vertebral canal?
The Vertebral Foramen
43
What are the parts of the spine?
``` C1-7 T1-12 L1-5 5 Sacral Vertebrae 4 Coccygeal Vertebrae ```
44
What is the name of the part of the spine were the spinal cord ends?
The Conus Medullaris
45
What is the name given to the extra vertebral column with no spinal cord in it?
The Cauda Equina
46
How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there?
8 pairs
47
How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?
12 pairs
48
How many pairs of Lumbar spinal nerves are there?
5 pairs
49
How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there?
5 pairs
50
How many pairs coccygeal spinal nerves are there?
1 pair
51
Where are the spinal nerves located?
In the Intervertebral foramen
52
What is the name of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve?
The Posterior ramus
53
What connect the spinal nerve to the spinal cord?
Roots and rootlets
54
What connects the structures of the body wall to the spinal nerve?
The Rami
55
What aspect of the spinal nerve branches is bigger?
The Anterior aspect is bigger than the Posterior
56
Where is the anterior ramus located?
In the Anterolateral body wall
57
Where is the anterior roots and rootlets located?
In the Vertebral canal
58
Where is the posterior ramus located?
In the Posterior Body wall
59
What pars of the body wall do the spinal nerves supply?
Every Pair of Spinal Nerves supply one strip of the body wall
60
What is the dermatome map?
the “segmental” arrangement of the spinal nerves supply to the body wall
61
What is the dermatome of the spinal nerve?
The area of skin (strip) supplied by both the anterior and the posterior rami
62
What part of the dermatome does the posterior rami supply?
The Paramedian strio
63
What rami supply the limbs?
The Anterior Rami - Via the Plexi
64
What do the large anterior rami supply?
Remainder of the Posterior Part of the dematome Lateral Dematome Anterior Dematome Limb Dermatome
65
What is a nerve plexus?
Plexi are networks of interwined anterior rami axons
66
What does the=cervical plexus consist of?
C1 - C4
67
What does the right cervical plexus supply?
Supplies the Neck Wall
68
What does the Brachial Plexus consist of?
C5-T1
69
What does the Lumbar Plexus consist of?
L1-L4
70
What does the Brachial Plexus supply?
Upper Limb
71
What does the Lumbar Plexus supply?
Lower Limb
72
What does the Sacral Plexus consist of?
L5 - S4
73
What does the Sacral Plexus supply?
Pelvis Perineum Lower Limb
74
What is the Musculocutaneous Nerve?
Named nerve branch of the Brachial Plexus
75
What is the musculocutaneous nerve made from?
Axons from C5 and C6 anterior rami
76
What do named nerves result from?
A Plexus
77
What are the named nerves that result in supply to the upper limb?
``` axillary nerve median nerve musculocutaneous nerve radial nerve ulnar nerve ```
78
How is the Peripheral Nervous system wired?
wiring going from head to brain wiring going from brain to head wiring going from body & limbs to brain wiring going from brain to body & limbs wiring going from organs to brain 2 sets of wiring going from brain to organs wiring going from brain to “body wall organs
79
What are Cranial nerves wired between?
wiring going from head to brain wiring going from brain to head Connect with the brain
80
What are Spinal nerves wired between?
wiring going from body & limbs to brain | wiring going from brain to body & limbs
81
What are autonomic nerves wired between?
2 sets of wiring going from brain to organs | wiring going from brain to “body wall organs”
82
What is CNS composed of?
Brain | Spinal Cord
83
What are the only spinal cord segments that have lateral Horns?
T1 | L2
84
Why do T1 and L2 have lateral horns?
Cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain
85
Where are sympathetic axons in the spinal cord?
Descend from the brain in the spinal cord white matter
86
Describe the Sympathetic supply to the Soma.
Autonomic centres in brain send signal Connections from T1-L2 via Rami Communicans Sympathic trunks run the full length of the vertebral column
87
What cranial nerves contain the parasympathetic axons?
Cranial Nerve III Cranial Nerve VII Cranial Nerve IX Cranial Nerve X Mainly the vagus nerves
88
What nerves carry the parasympathetic system for organs of the hindgut, pelvis and perineum?
Sacral spinal nerves
89
Where does the Parasympathetic Outflow travel to?
Internal Organs Glands (travels to everything the sympathetic system does, but not skeletal muscle )
90
How many Parasympathetic ganglia are in the head?
4 Parasympathetic Ganglia

Anatomy - Principles (11 decks)

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