How do Clinicians communicate - Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the regions of the body?
Head Neck Chest Abdomen Pelvis/Perineum Upper limbs Lower Limbs Back
What is the Sagittal plane?
This plane cuts the person in two vertically.
It runs from front to back and cuts the body into right and left
What is the Coronal plane?
This is the frontal plane
It divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Cut the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front)
What is the Axial/Transverse Plane?
Cuts the body in two, into cranial/Superior and inferior/caudal
What does Anterior mean?
Near to the front of the body
What does Posterior mean?
Near to the back of the body
What does Superior mean?
Near to the top of the body
What two other terms mean Superior?
Cranial
Rostral
What does Inferior mean?
Near to the soles of feet.
What is another term for Inferior?
Caudal?
What does Medial mean?
Refers to something near midline
What does Lateral mean?
Further from the midline
What does Proximal mean?
Near to the attachment of limb to body.
What does Distal mean?
Further from attachment of limb to bdy
What does Superficial mean?
Near to the surface of the body
What does Deep mean?
Further from surface of body
What does External mean?
Further from centre of Organ
What does Internal mean?
Nearer to centre of organ
What does Major or Minor mean?
Larger or smaller structures with the same name.
What is the term Dorsal used for?
- Posterior surface of wrist
- Posterior surface of hand
- Posterior surface of foot
- Posterior surface of tongue
What is the Ventral side of the Wrist called?
Volar surface
What is the Ventral side of the Hand called?
Palmar surface
What is the Ventral side of the foot called?
Plantar surface
What is the Ventral side of the tongue called?
Ventral surface
What does Unilateral mean?
Structure is normally found on the same side of the body
What does Bilateral mean?
Structure is paired, a right and left structure
What does the Midline mean?
Single structure located at/near to the midline.
What does Ipsilateral mean?
Structure lies on the same side as the other location for comparison.
What does Contralateral mean?
Structure lies on the opposite side as the other location of comparison
What does Flexion mean?
Decreasing the angle between bone and joint
What does Extension mean?
Increasing the angle between bone and joint
What does Abduction mean?
Movement away from the midline
What does Adduction mean?
Movement towards the median plane
What does Internal/Medial rotation mean?
Anterior surface of a limb rotates towards the median plane
What does External/Lateral Rotation mean?
Anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane
What does Circumduction mean?
Circular motion at a joint
From the Neck to the hip all anterior movements are what types of movement?
Flexions
From the Knee to the toes anterior movement are what type of movements?
Extensions
What is Dorsiflexion?
(Actaully extension) : Dorsal surface of foot moves superiorly
What is Plantarflexion?
Plantarflexion (Actually flexion): Plantar surface of foot moves inferiorly
What is Eversion?
Eversion: Sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane such that the sole faces laterally
What is Inversion?
Inversion: Sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane such that the sole faces medially
What is Pronation?
Anterior surface of forearm rotates palms in such a way that the palm faces posteriorly.
(this is an INTERNAL rotation)
What is Supination?
Forearm rotates in such a way that the palm returns to anatomic postion (this is a
EXTERNAL rotation)
What does Semi-prone mean?
Used to describe midway between supine and prone position.
What is abduction of the Thumb?
Taking the thumb anteriorly away from the palm
What is Extension of the thumb?
Taking the thumb laterally away from the palm of the hand in the coronal plane
What is flexion of the thumb?
Folding of the thumb across and into the coronal plane
What is Oppostion of the thumb?
Opposition with the digits
