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Anatomy - Principles > Anatomy: Lecture 9 - How do we taste/chew/swallow > Flashcards

Anatomy: Lecture 9 - How do we taste/chew/swallow Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the head?

A

Oral Cavity

Pharynx

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2
Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Neck?

A

Pharynx

Oesophagus

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3
Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Chest?

A

Oesophagus

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4
Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Abdomen?

A

Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

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5
Q

What part of the GI tract is found in the Pelvis?

A

Rectum

Anal Canal

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6
Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Perineum?

A

Anus

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7
Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Oral Cavity.

A

sensing
salivation
chewing
initiating swallowing

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8
Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Pharynx

A

Defence against infection (tonsils) Swallowing
Airway protection

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9
Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Oesophagus

A

Transit from pharynx to stomach

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10
Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Stomach and Small Intestine

A

Transit Defence against infection (acid) Digestion & absorption

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11
Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Large Intestine and Anus

A

Transit
Reabsorption of H20 & Electrolytes
Stool formation
Waste excretion

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12
Q

What is considered the Upper GI Tract?

A 
oral cavity
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
oesophagus
stomach 
small intestine
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13
Q

What is considered the lower GI Tract?

A 
caecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal
anus
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14
Q

What forms the large intestine?

A

caecum
appendix
colon
rectum

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15
Q

What is mastication?

A

jaw opening and jaw closing

Chewing

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16
Q

What type of joints are Temporomandibular joints?

A

Synovial Joints

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17
Q

Where do the temporomandibular joints articulate?

A

Between the Mandibular Fossa of the Articular Tubercle of the Temporal bone

AND

The head of the Condylar process of the Mandible

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18
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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19
Q

Where do the “muscles of facial expression” attach?

A

Between the bones of the face and the Superficial Fascia

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20
Q

What is the circularly arrange muscle circularly arranged around the lips that contraction draws the lips together

A

Orbicularis Oris

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21
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Produces an anterior oral seal that prevents dribbling during ring chewing & swallowing

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22
Q

What are Gingivae?

A

Gums

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23
Q

What are the components of the Oral Cavity?

A 
Upper Dental Arch - upper gum
Arches of soft Palate - at back of mouth 
Palatine tonsil - Lateral sides 
The Uvula - dangly bit 
Lower Dental Arch - Lower jaw
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24
Q

What is the muscosa of the mouth covered with?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium - For Protection

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25
Q

What does the Gingivae and hard palate have for protection for chewing?

A

Keratin

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26
Q

What type of muscle is the tongue made from?

A

Skeletal Muscle - covered by Mucosa

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27
Q

How many papillae are found on the Dorsum surface of the tongue?

A

4 different Papilla

28
Q

What are the two different functions of Papillae?

A

Help the tongue manipulate food

Help sense of TASTE

29
Q

What are the 4 different types of Papillae?

A

foliate papillae
vallate papillae
fungiform papillae
filiform papillae

30
Q

What does Foliate Papillae detect?

31
Q

What does Vallate Papillae detect?

32
Q

What does fungiform papillae detect?

33
Q

What does Filiform Papillae detect?

A

Touch and Temperature

34
Q

How can the tongue be divided?

A

Posterior 1/3’rd

Anterior 2/3’rds

35
Q

Where is the Anterior 2/3’rds of the tongue located?

A

In the Oral Cavity

This is the horizontal part

36
Q

Where is the Posterior 1/3’rd of the tongue located?

A

In the Oropharynx

This is the Vertical Part

37
Q

How is the tongue held in place?

A

It is suspended in the oral cavity by 4 pairs of skeletal muscles
- Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

38
Q

What muscle are responsible for moving the tongue round the oral cavity?

A

The 4 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

39
Q

What muscles are responsible for modifying the shape of the tongue?

A

The 4 pairs of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

40
Q

What muscles help keep the bolus of food between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth for mastication?

A

The Tongue

Buccinator

41
Q

What muscles are responsible for the closing of the jaw?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

42
Q

What are the different types of teeth a human has?

A 
In quadrant: 
Molars - 3 of them 
Premolars - 2 of them 
Canines - 1 
Incisors
43
Q

What are the quadrants of the mouth?

A

Upper Left
Upper Right
Lower Left
Lower Right

44
Q

How many teeth does an adult human have?

45
Q

What is Occlusion?

46
Q

What is the purpose of Saliva?

A

Lubriant
Keeping Mucosa Moist
Buffer for Plaque Acids
Contains Antimicrobial elements

47
Q

What are the two types of salivary glands?

A

Major Glands

Minor Glands

48
Q

What are the major salivary glands?

A 
parotid glands (near the ear)
submandibular glands (“under” the mandible)
sublingual glands (“under” the tongue)
49
Q

Describe the structure of the Pharynx?

A

Muscular “tube” lined with non-keratinised stratified squamous mucosa

50
Q

What type of muscle is the Pharynx made from?

A

Skeletal Muscle

51
Q

What is just inferior of the Pharynx in the GI tract ?

A

Oesophagus in GI tract

52
Q

What are the three parts of the Pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

53
Q

Where are the tonsils located?

A

Within the mucosa of the nasopharynx & oropharynx

54
Q

What is the function of the tonsils?

A

Production of White Cells

55
Q

What structure do the tonsils form?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

56
Q

What parts of the Pharynx are involved in swallowing?

A

The posterior and lateral walls of the pharynx contain skeletal muscles involved in swallowing

57
Q

What is the function of the Uvula and the Epiglottis

A

To guide the bolus away from the midline and away from the Laryngeal Inlet

58
Q

What is the posterior aspect of the nasal septum, that separates the two sides?

A

Vomer bone

59
Q

What is the Laryngeal Inlet?

A

Opening into the Larynx for air

60
Q

What are the two groups of muscles that forms the Pharynx?

A

Longitudinal Muscles

Constrictor Muscles

61
Q

What is the function of the Longitudinal Muscles of the Pharynx?

A

Contract during swallowing to shorten the pharynx

62
Q

What is the function of the Constrictor Muscles of the Pharynx?

A

Push the food bolus inferiorly into the

63
Q

What are the Constrictor Muscles of the Pharynx?

A

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

64
Q

What is the Inferior Continuation of the Laryngopharynx?

A

The Oesophagus

65
Q

Where is the Oesophagus located?

A

Lies posterior to the trachea

66
Q

How does the muscle of the Oesophagus change?

A

Gradually transitions from skeletal muscle proximally to smooth muscle distally

67
Q

What is the Oesophagus lined with?

A

Lined internally with non-keratinised stratified squamous mucosa

Anatomy - Principles (11 decks)

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