Anatomy: Lecture 9 - How do we taste/chew/swallow Flashcards by Stefan Tucker

Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the head?

A

Oral Cavity

Pharynx

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Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Neck?

A

Pharynx

Oesophagus

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Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Chest?

A

Oesophagus

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Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Abdomen?

A

Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

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Q

What part of the GI tract is found in the Pelvis?

A

Rectum

Anal Canal

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Q

What part of the Gi Tract is found in the Perineum?

A

Anus

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Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Oral Cavity.

A

sensing
salivation
chewing
initiating swallowing

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Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Pharynx

A

Defence against infection (tonsils) Swallowing
Airway protection

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Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Oesophagus

A

Transit from pharynx to stomach

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Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Stomach and Small Intestine

A

Transit Defence against infection (acid) Digestion & absorption

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Q

What is the function of the following GI tract part:

Large Intestine and Anus

A

Transit
Reabsorption of H20 & Electrolytes
Stool formation
Waste excretion

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Q

What is considered the Upper GI Tract?

A

oral cavity
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
oesophagus
stomach 
small intestine

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Q

What is considered the lower GI Tract?

A

caecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

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Q

What forms the large intestine?

A

caecum
appendix
colon
rectum

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Q

What is mastication?

A

jaw opening and jaw closing

Chewing

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Q

What type of joints are Temporomandibular joints?

A

Synovial Joints

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Q

Where do the temporomandibular joints articulate?

A

Between the Mandibular Fossa of the Articular Tubercle of the Temporal bone

AND

The head of the Condylar process of the Mandible

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Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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Q

Where do the “muscles of facial expression” attach?

A

Between the bones of the face and the Superficial Fascia

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Q

What is the circularly arrange muscle circularly arranged around the lips that contraction draws the lips together

A

Orbicularis Oris

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Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Produces an anterior oral seal that prevents dribbling during ring chewing & swallowing

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Q

What are Gingivae?

A

Gums

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Q

What are the components of the Oral Cavity?

A

Upper Dental Arch - upper gum
Arches of soft Palate - at back of mouth 
Palatine tonsil - Lateral sides 
The Uvula - dangly bit 
Lower Dental Arch - Lower jaw

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Q

What is the muscosa of the mouth covered with?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium - For Protection

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What does the Gingivae and hard palate have for protection for chewing?

Keratin

What type of muscle is the tongue made from?

Skeletal Muscle - covered by Mucosa

How many papillae are found on the Dorsum surface of the tongue?

4 different Papilla

What are the two different functions of Papillae?

Help the tongue manipulate food Help sense of TASTE

What are the 4 different types of Papillae?

foliate papillae vallate papillae fungiform papillae filiform papillae

What does Foliate Papillae detect?

Taste

What does Vallate Papillae detect?

Taste

What does fungiform papillae detect?

Taste

What does Filiform Papillae detect?

Touch and Temperature

How can the tongue be divided?

Posterior 1/3'rd | Anterior 2/3'rds

Where is the Anterior 2/3'rds of the tongue located?

In the Oral Cavity | This is the horizontal part

Where is the Posterior 1/3'rd of the tongue located?

In the Oropharynx | This is the Vertical Part

How is the tongue held in place?

It is suspended in the oral cavity by 4 pairs of skeletal muscles - Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

What muscle are responsible for moving the tongue round the oral cavity?

The 4 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

What muscles are responsible for modifying the shape of the tongue?

The 4 pairs of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

What muscles help keep the bolus of food between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth for mastication?

The Tongue Buccinator

What muscles are responsible for the closing of the jaw?

Temporalis | Masseter

What are the different types of teeth a human has?

``` In quadrant: Molars - 3 of them Premolars - 2 of them Canines - 1 Incisors ```

What are the quadrants of the mouth?

Upper Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower Right

How many teeth does an adult human have?

32

What is Occlusion?

Biting

What is the purpose of Saliva?

Lubriant Keeping Mucosa Moist Buffer for Plaque Acids Contains Antimicrobial elements

What are the two types of salivary glands?

Major Glands | Minor Glands

What are the major salivary glands?

``` parotid glands (near the ear) submandibular glands (“under” the mandible) sublingual glands (“under” the tongue) ```

Describe the structure of the Pharynx?

Muscular “tube” lined with non-keratinised stratified squamous mucosa

What type of muscle is the Pharynx made from?

Skeletal Muscle

What is just inferior of the Pharynx in the GI tract ?

Oesophagus in GI tract

What are the three parts of the Pharynx?

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Where are the tonsils located?

Within the mucosa of the nasopharynx & oropharynx

What is the function of the tonsils?

Production of White Cells

What structure do the tonsils form?

Waldeyer’s ring

What parts of the Pharynx are involved in swallowing?

The posterior and lateral walls of the pharynx contain skeletal muscles involved in swallowing

What is the function of the Uvula and the Epiglottis

To guide the bolus away from the midline and away from the Laryngeal Inlet

What is the posterior aspect of the nasal septum, that separates the two sides?

Vomer bone

What is the Laryngeal Inlet?

Opening into the Larynx for air

What are the two groups of muscles that forms the Pharynx?

Longitudinal Muscles | Constrictor Muscles

What is the function of the Longitudinal Muscles of the Pharynx?

Contract during swallowing to shorten the pharynx

What is the function of the Constrictor Muscles of the Pharynx?

Push the food bolus inferiorly into the

What are the Constrictor Muscles of the Pharynx?

Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor

What is the Inferior Continuation of the Laryngopharynx?

The Oesophagus

Where is the Oesophagus located?

Lies posterior to the trachea

How does the muscle of the Oesophagus change?

Gradually transitions from skeletal muscle proximally to smooth muscle distally

What is the Oesophagus lined with?

Lined internally with non-keratinised stratified squamous mucosa