Anatomy: Lecture 5 - Cardiovascular System? Flashcards
What does the circulation system consist of?
The Arterial System
The Heart Pump
The Venous System
What is the System Circulation?
Left side of the heart -> Body Systems -> Right Side of Heart
What is the Pulmonary Circulation?
Right side of the Heart ->Lungs -> Left side of Heart
What is the stopping of the heart called?
Cardiac Arrest
What cavity is the heart located in?
Chest Cavity - Located in the midline space between the lungs.
The Mediastinum
How can the Mediastinum be divided?
Superior
Middle
Porsterior
What is the layer the heart is protected by?
Pericardium
What are the parts of the Pericardium?
Fibrous Pericardium
Partial Serous Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
What is the purpose of the Fibrous Pericardium?
Prevents Overfilling
Protect s against injury
What is Cardiac Tamponade?
Pericardial cavity fills with blood, causing pressure to increase around the heart
What are the layers of the heart itself?
Epicardium
Myocardium - cardiac muscle layer
Endocardium - endothelium lining
What supplies blood to the heart and where from?
From the aorta by the Coronary arteries
What are the superior branched vessels of the heart?
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Trunk
What is the name given to the posterior surface of the heart?
Base of the heart
What does the Base of the Heart rest on?
The Diaphragm
What is the right hand side of the heart called?
The Right border
What is the left hand side of the heart called?
Left Lateral Border
What side of the heart is the Apex generally on?
The Left hand side
How are the myocytes of the myocardium arranged ?
Spirals
What divides the heart into two parts?
The Septum
What blood does the left hand side pump?
Pumps Arterial blood from the Pulonary circulation to the Systemic circulation
Oxygenated
What blood does the right hand side of the heart pump?
Pumps Venous blood from the systemic circulation to the Pulmonary circulation
What are the 4 valves of the heart?
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
Aortic Valve
Where is the Tricuspid valve located?
Found between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle
Where is the Pulmonary Valve found?
Found between Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk
Where is the Mitral/Bicuspid Valve found?
Found between the Left atrium and the left Ventricle
Where is the Aortic Valve found?
Found between the Left Ventricle and the Aorta
Where does the electrical signal start?
Starts at the Sinoatrial Node on the Right Atria
Describe the electrical transfer in the heart that brings about its contraction?
Sinoatrial node on right atria
Atrioventricular node at the Septum
Atrioventricular Bundle transports singal down the Interatial Septrum via Perkinje fibres
What is the purpose of the cardiac skeleton?
Electrical Insulator
Fibrous tissue that supports the valves of the heart
What does the cardiac skeleton consist of?
The Valves
Part of septum
What is Fibrillation?
Uncoordinated contraction of myocytes - results in inefficient pumping of the heart
What is the cardiac plexus?
Mixture of nerves that supply the heat
Includes:
Sensory Nerves
Motor Nerves
What is the affect of the sympathetic nerves on the heart?
Speeds up the heart
What is the affect of the parasympathetic nerves on the heart?
Slows down the heart
