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Nutrition 2 > Horses > Flashcards

Horses Flashcards

1
Q

Caecum

A

Site of bacterial fermentation

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2
Q

Small intestine

A

Enzymatic digestion

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3
Q

Saliva

A

Incr. Ca + Cl
Decr. HCO3 + Na
35-40l
pH; 8.6-9.1

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4
Q

Stomach:

Oesophageal part

A

Stratified squamous Epithelium
Amylotitic bacteria
pH: 6-7 (saliva buffer)

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5
Q

Stomach:

Glandular part

A 
Glandular mucosa
Chief cells: pepsinogen
Goblet cells: mucous +HCO3
Parietal cells: HCl
pH: 2-4 (Acidic)
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6
Q

Small intestine

A

Enzymes:
> Lipase: Good (Fat digestion)
> Amylase: Poor (limited starch digestion, can accumulate in hindgut)

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7
Q

Starch Hydrolysis

A

Lactase until 4 months
Maltase incr. after 4 months
Lactase at almost 0 by 4 years
Cannot wean foals before 4 months!!!

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8
Q

Protein Hydrolysis

A

Trypsin and brush border oligopeptides

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9
Q

Caecum

A

Cellulitic (CF: 16-18%)
Fibre degrading bacteria (anaerobic) + Fungi + Protozoa
pH ~ 7
Produce: Vit B & K

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10
Q

Dietary Protein

A 
Caecal bacteria
> Gelatine
>Casine
>Peptones
>Ammonium or AA (not Urea)
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11
Q

Water

A

5L/100kg
Lactation: 12-14L/kg
Activity: 72-92L
Endurance horse: dont drink due to electrolyte loss (trained to drink)

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12
Q

DM intake

A 
70MJ
or
1.5-3% of BW 
or
2Kg/100kg BW

DMi variable:
Fresh grass > Alfalfa > Grass hay > cereal straw

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13
Q

Body condition score

A

Maintenance: 4-6
Working: 4-5
Broodmare: 6

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14
Q

Protein

A

670-800g
Limiting: lysine
threonine
Methionine

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15
Q

CF

A

Min 1% of BW

> 18%

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16
Q

Carbohydrates

1. Hydrolysed

A

Starch, Simple sugars and disaccharides

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17
Q

Carbohydrates:

  1. Fermented
  2. Fermentation Products
A

Fructans, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulose and any starch that escaped hydrolyses

Fermentation products:
VFA, Gas, heat and B-complex vitamins

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18
Q

Fat

A

12-14%

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19
Q

Omega 6: Omega 3

A

Corn oil 52:1
Soyabean 7:1
Linsead 0.26: 1

20
Q

Ca:P

A

1.5-2 : 1
Ca: 20g
Phos: 14g
*Grains high in P: hyperparathyroidism

21
Q

Selinium

A

Def: White muscle disease in foals
Poisoning: Loss of mane and tail

22
Q

VIt: Alpha/Beta Carotene

A

Hay,
Grazing: (6 months = 1 year supply)
Def: Decr: fertility, and growth
Overdose: Alopecia, lameness

23
Q

Gestation Period

A

330-360 days

24
Q

Gestational weight gain

A

12-16% of initial BW

Mainly foetus and placental tissue

25
Q

Pregnant mare:

DE (Mcal/day)

A

0-4mths: 80
7th mth: 80
11th mth: 100

26
Q

Pregnant mare

CP (Kg/day)

A

0-4th mth: 0.6-0.8
7th mth: 0.75-0.9
11th: 0.9-1.10

27
Q

Pregnant mare:
Ca
P

A

Ca: 20-45
P: 14-32

28
Q

Milk yeild

A 
12-18kg/day
Month 2: peak
Amount:
   > 3% BW : 1st 3 months
   > 2% BW : 2nd 3 months
29
Q

Energy

lactation

A

DEl: 3.3MJ
DEm: 35-70MJ

30
Q

Protein

Lactation

A

12 X DE (1st 3 months)

11 X DE (2nd 3 months)

31
Q

Lysine:
lactation:

A

3g/kg milk

32
Q

Foal Birth weight

A

10% of adult

50kg

33
Q

Weaning age

A

5-6months

34
Q

Working horse

Protein

A

12-16%

35
Q

Weaning protein

Protein

A

14%

36
Q

Race horse diet

A

6kg hay
8kg grass
5kg conc
minerals + vitamins

37
Q

Stallion

non-breeding vs breeding

A

DE: 84 120
CP: 860 920

38
Q

Muscular Disorders
PSSM
HYPP
RER

A

PSSM: Polysacharid storage myopathy
HYPP: Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
RER: Recurrent excertional radbomylysis

39
Q

Horse obesity

A

Body fat >20/25% of body mass
BCS 7: over weight
BC8-9: Obese
Cresty neck: leptin deposits

40
Q

Obesity factors

A 
more energy intake vs expenditure
low excercise
Genetics
Alter hormonal balance
   > Leptin resistance
   > Hyperletinemia: decrease insulin sensitivity
41
Q

Obesity at risk horses

A 
> Orthopedic problems
> Endocrine and metabolism disorders
    > EMS, Insulin resistance, Glucose intolerance, 
       hyperlipidemia
>Abd or intestinal disorders:
     > dedunculated lipomas
Other risk: 
   > Heat tolerance, exercise intolerance
42
Q

Hyperinsulemia

A

> 20umol/L

Cushings, corticosteroids, genetics, obesity, lack of exercise

43
Q

Equine metabolic syndrome

A

obesity, insulin resistance, laminitis
Diagnose: Glucose/insulin test
Cs: abnormal fatty deposits on the rump

44
Q

PPID= Cushing disease

A

> 15 year old
Hypophysis adenoma (degenerative neurological disorder)
Weigh loss, skeletal muscle atrophy
Laminitis, immunosuppression
Diagnosis: ACTH
Treatment: Perglod
Diet: Alfalfa + oils (omega 3) + antioxidants

45
Q

Weight loss and EMS diet

A

Increase exercise
No grain, hay based 1.5% BW
Soak hay to remove sugars
Limit grass: muzzle

46
Q

Carbohydrate overload

A

Pasture associated laminitis
> Starch or fructan
Altering microflora, incr lactic acid prod, decreasing pH
> endo and exotoxin cross membrane causing inflammation.

Nutrition 2 (12 decks)

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