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Nutrition 2 > Dog and cats > Flashcards

Dog and cats Flashcards

1
Q

Dog Physiology

A 
Smell 10000X stronger then humand
Teeth: 42
Saliva has decr. amylase:  meaning decr carbohydrate predigestion
> Stomach: expandable: large meals
>stomach pH: acidic = bone destruction
> Transit time: 12-30hrs
Bacterial fermantation: Large intestine
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2
Q

Cat phsyiolody

A 
Teeth 30
No salivary amylase
Stomach: many small meals
Stomach: pH: acidic, bone destruction
Transit time: 12-24hrs
SI: digests protein and fat
LI: bacterial fermentation
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3
Q

Vit A

A

Cat: cannot synthesis from B-carotene, needs supplied in the active form = animal tissue
Dog: can synthesis from B-carotene (plants) to active form

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4
Q

Archadonic acid

A

Cats: DIETARY REQUIREMENT
> Animal tissue
Dog: NOT dietary requirement
> synthesis from linoleic acid in pants

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5
Q

Taurine

A

Cats: DIETARY REQUIREMENT
> animals tissue, NO metabolic alternatives!!
Dogs: NOT dietary requirement
> metabolic alternatives

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6
Q

Stomach

A

Enzyme: Pesin (Protein) = PH: 1.5-3.5
Lipase (not as significant)
Gastric secretion stimulation
> Cephalic: eyes nose taste
> gastric: presence of food, parietal cells release HCl and Ach when activated by histamine and gastrin
> Intestinal: CCK, GIP and secretin: stop HCl prod.

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7
Q

GI microbiome

A 
Stomach 10*5
Duodenium + jejunum: 10*6
    > proteobacteria
Ileus: Fusobacterium, clostridia
Colon 10*10
   > Fusobacteria, bacteriodios
   > Eubacterium, Rosabact: fiber digestion
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8
Q

Small intestine

A 
Protein digestion:
  > Pancreatic secretion (pH 7-8) 
  > Trysin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
Fat digestion:
   > Lipase
   > Bile salts
       > Dog: Glycine and tuarine
       > Cat: just TAURINE
Carbohydrate digestion:
  > Amylase low (not in cat saliva either)
  > Lactose wk 1-3
  > maltose and sacchrose incr. after wk 3
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9
Q

Large intestine:

A

Bacterial fermentation
> Fibre digestion
> End products: VFA, ammonia and gas

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10
Q

Dog Size

A

Birth weight: 120-550g

Adult: 4kg-80 Kg

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11
Q

Cat size

A

Birth weight: 90-100g
Adult: > Tom: 3.2Kg
> Queen: 2.8Kg

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12
Q

Energy Dogs

A

ME
Factors: Age, neutered, activity, life stage
1year old: 140 Kcal —-> 7years old: 80 Kcal
140 down to 80Kcal

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13
Q

Energy MJ

Dogs and cats

A

ME: 17MJ

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14
Q

Nutritional req:

A

Dog Cat
Protein 22 28
Fat 5.5 9

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15
Q

Water

A

2-3 X DM

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16
Q

Protein

A

Essential: Lysine, Meth, choline, tryptophe
Puppies: + Histidine and arginine
Cat: + TAURINE

Dogs: 18% puppies: 22%
Kitten: 9.4g met/BW Cat: 4g

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17
Q

Fat:

A

Long chain fatty acids: Omega 3, 6, 9
Puppies: 8% fat
Adult: 5% fat DM
Kittens + adult cats: 9% fat DM

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18
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Cat: Glycogenic AA and glycerol
Dog: dietary carbohydrates

Starch only when cooked (not cooked = diarrhoea)

CF: 1-3%

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19
Q

Calcium

CA:P

A

3% DM
1.2-1.4 : 1
Ca def: All meat diet, hyperphosphorus

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20
Q

Humans Hazards

A

Grapes + raisins: kidney damage
Chocolate: Theobromine
Onions + garlic: Thiosulfate (damage RBCs)

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21
Q

Gastric dilation and volvulus:

A

Causes: exercise after feeding, large breed dogs,

cereals/legume diet

22
Q

Cow Vs Dog Vs Cat Milk

A

Cow Dog Cat
DM: 12.4 22.8 18.5
Protein % 3.3 8.1 8.1
Fat % 3.8 9.8 5.1
Energy 2.8 5.7 4.5

23
Q

Dog food

Nutritional assesment

A
  1. animal factor: Age, phys status, activity, dietary problems?
  2. Diet factors: safety, diet induced disorders
  3. Feeding management: time location freq
  4. Environmental: Space, # of animals
24
Q

Diet classification

A

Commercial
Vet/prescribed
Physical form: moist or dry

25
Q

Low fat diet

A

Colitis, diarrhoea, EPI, vomiting

26
Q

Low protein diet:

A

CHF, cystinuria, liver disease

27
Q

Low Na diet

A

CHF, glomerulonephritis

28
Q

Low residue

A

Flactulance, malabsorbtion

29
Q

High Energy

A

Lactation

30
Q

High CArb:

A

DM, pancreatitis

31
Q

High fibre

A

DM, obstipation, obesity

32
Q

Hypoallergenic

A

allergic dermatitis

33
Q

Other diets

A

Joints, anti-plaque, senior

34
Q

Smaller dogs

A

Adulthood at 8months

Long life span >10yrs

35
Q

Large dogs:

A

Adulthood at 2years

Shorter lifespan

36
Q

Dog size

A

Mini: 1-10kg
Med: 10-25 Kg
Large: 25-45Kg
Giant: >45Kg

37
Q

Aging dog nutrition

A

Decr. Energy, fat, Na and Phosphate

Incr. Vit, minerals, BV

38
Q

Kibble DOG

A

Oral hygenie
Bracycephalic dogs - yorksire terrier
Labrador: slow down absorption

39
Q

Improve hair

A

Zn, carotene, Vit A, Essential FA

> Green tea, primerose, marigold

40
Q

Bones, joints motility

A

German shepard

Essential FA: fish oils

41
Q

Heart function

A

Calviar, Dalmation
Decr. Na and k,
incr. Mg, taurine and omega 3

42
Q

Muscle vitaltiy

A

jack russel
CP: 30%
EE: 16%
High antioxidant

43
Q

Concentrated energy

A

Great Dane

ME: 18Mj

44
Q

Ideal weight

A

Beagle

ME; 15%

45
Q

Dogs lifestyle

A

Urban: antioxidants for pollution
Indoor: less energy
Sporting: increase energy

46
Q

Cat breed nutrition

A

Persian + ragdoll: Fur
English short hair + Siamese: lean physique
Maine coon: large kibble to incr. chewing
Sphynx: Increase heat prod: Higher energy
Norweign: hair coat

47
Q

Cat health nutrition

A

Indoor:
> decr, hydrogen sulphate prod
> Hair ball regulation
> physillum within diet

48
Q

Cat Special:

A

Hair, skin, oral, joint,s dermal

49
Q

Raw meat based diet

A

Uncooked ing
Wolves vs dog: different genome: especially for starch digestion
Problem: bacterial contamination, mycotoxicosis, thiaamine def, Vit D toxicosis
> Possible advantages:
> incr. digestibility as enzymes not destroyed by cooking
> increase AA
> increase Immune function
Risks: pathogens, salmonellta, contains bones, hyprthyroidism
Nutritonal problems: Vit A and E too low, Vit D too high, high fat (obesity)

50
Q

Vegan pet food:

A

Risk of UTI: give cat canned meat foodor ph balancing formula, cranberry extract, Cat urine pH 6-6.5
add digestive enzymes and synthetic taurine

Nutrition 2 (12 decks)

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