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Nutrition 2 > Chickens > Flashcards

Chickens Flashcards

1
Q

Body length: GI length

A

1: 6

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2
Q

Transition time

A

12hrs

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3
Q

Crop

A

Storage

Not in goose or duck

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4
Q

Gizzard

A

Food grinding, contains grit

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5
Q

Ceca

A

Under developed
only 10% of food enter ceca
No microbial fermentation

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6
Q

CP Poultry

A

CP: 2-3%

except goose

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7
Q

Light breeds

A

Leg horn

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8
Q

Med breeds

A

Rhode Island, Plymouth rock

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9
Q

Heavy breed

A

Cornish

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10
Q

Broiler

length of fattening

A

38-40 days

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11
Q

Broiler hatching weight

A

60g

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12
Q

Broiler

Slaughtering weight

A

2.5kg

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13
Q

Broiler

Feed efficiency

A

1.7kg/kg

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14
Q

Broiler Dressing %

A

> 70%

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15
Q

Broiler

Protein vs fat inbuilding

A

incr. age: decrease protein inbuilding and incr. fat inbuilding

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16
Q

Broiler

Amino acids

A

Lysine: enhance BV of protein
Met + cys: feather production
Omega 6: growth capacity
> Def: Dermatitis

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17
Q

Ca:P

A

2:1

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18
Q

CP

A

Starter (0-10days) Cp 23.5
Grower (11-24days) CP 22.0
Finisher (25-40 days) CP 20

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19
Q

ME

A

Starter: ME: 12.6
Grower: 13.3
Finisher: 13.6

20
Q

Artificial light

A

0- 24hrs
day 3: 23hrs
Day 21: 20hrs @ lux 8 or 2hrs on 4hrs off

21
Q

Feed sources

A

Energy (60-70%): cereal grains
Protein (30-40%): legume seeds, extracted oil seeds meals
Energy supplement: plant + veg oils
Ca + P supplement: limestone, MCP

22
Q

Male vs female

A

Male 10% faster

> 1 week sooner finishing

23
Q

Pullet:

A

0-8 weeks: starter

9-17 weeks: Grower

24
Q

Starter

A

CP: 17.0
Me: 11.7 MJ

25
Grower
CP: 15.0 Me: 11.7 Mj
26
Layer
18-20 weeks: Prelayer 21-64 weeks: Layer 1 65-76 weeks: Layer 2
27
Prelayer:
CP: 16 Me: 12
28
Layer 1
CP: 18 | Me 12
29
Layer 2
CP 16 | Me 11.5
30
Layer Ca
18-37.5g/kg
31
Level of egg production
``` Wk 18: 5% Wk 20: 10% Wk 21-23: 50-60% Wk: 24-26: 95% Wk: 64-75: 75% ```
32
Egg weight
60g
33
laying length
Wk 18-76 or 1year
34
Egg prod
320-330 | 1 every 26hrs
35
Hen types
Leghorn X Rhode island = Tetra brown
36
Light increase
``` As egg production increase wk 18: Incr. by an hour a week Wk 22: 12hrs 20 lux wk: 24: 14hrs 20 lux wk 65: 16 hrs, 20 lux ```
37
Feed efficiency
2kg/kg eggs (16 eggs)
38
2nd laying period
Induce moult No food for 1st 10 days days 11-30: worn or wheat ad lib Days 31-68: layer diet ad lib Prod. 75% of 1st period Larger better quality egg.
39
Metabolic trouble in poultry
``` Early mortality Acute death syndrome Malabsorption syndrome Ascites syndrome Skeletal disorders Cage layers fatigue Fatty liver haemorrhage syndrome Aortic rupture of turkey ```
40
Early mortality
Target: 1 day old chicks Cause: weak hatchling, infectious disease > inadequate passing of micro-elements from mother
41
Acute death syndrome
Flip over syndrome, supine position at 3-4weeks > Intensively reared turkeys and chickens, Male > female > Predisposing factors: genetics, intense feeding > causes: breakdown of cardiac function, ionophones coccidiostats, heat stress Solution: Day 20 day long feed restricition
42
Malabsorbtion syndrome
Helicopter disease, runting and shunting at 3-4 wks > Leg weakness, enlarged crop, diarrhoea, under developed feathers > target: broiler chicks > Cause: viral, feed mycotoxins, decrease immune system > solution: Vits and broad spec antibiotics
43
Ascites syndrome
Oedema disease > Abdomen filled with fluid, blue > Target: Broiler males > cause: decrease in O2 intake (cardio-pulmonary failure): due to genotype, small lungs, nutritional factors, mycotoxins in feed > solution: can not influence already active symptoms Prevent: decrease protein and energy, incr. ventlation
44
Skeletal disorders
Predisposing fators: genotype, intensive feeding, lack of minerals + vitamins > Rickets > Perosis: slipping of tendon > Dyschondripoplasia: abnormal development of cartilage > Torsion of tibia: twisted leg syndrome
45
Cage layers fatigue
Usually due to Ca metabolism problem >cannot stand, eat, bone fractures, egg shell problems >solution: Ca and Vit D supplementation
46
Fatty liver heamorrhage syndrome
Disturbance of fat metabolism in high producing eggs >significant drop in egg #s (30-40%) > symptoms: Fat accumulation in hepatocytes + abd, subscapular hemorrhage, > predisposing factors > Diets high in Carbohydrates > Intesne egg production > poor physical activity > solution: replace starch with veg oils (5-6%)
47
Aortic rupture turkey
Target: 12-16 week old turkeys > Copper def: unable to make collagen and elastic fibers > blood drains into body cavity

Nutrition 2 (12 decks)

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