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Bch 204 > Hormones Class 2!!! > Flashcards

Hormones Class 2!!! Flashcards

1
Q

hormones can also act through phosphatidylinositol

T/F

A

T

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2
Q

——— element is an important regulator of metabolic /cellular processes and also a second messenger

A

ionized calcium

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3
Q

Calcium is more where?

ECF of ICf

A

ECF

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4
Q

ICF Ca is kept in balance by constantly depositing it in___, or \__exchanger, or___ Atpases

A

SR

Na-Ca

Ca

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5
Q

Na-Ca exchanger and Ca Atpases move calcium against or with conc gradient ?

A

Against

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6
Q

calcium channels, when regulated by ——hormones allow influx of calcium

A

group 2

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7
Q

calcium can be mobilized from____ or___ to____ ICF’s Ca

A

ER

SR

increase

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8
Q

Ca can modulate plenty proteins through____

A

calmodulin

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9
Q

calmodulin can bind up to____ calcium molecules

A

4

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10
Q

when calcium is reduced, some proteins, enzymes or pumps are___ but when increased they are____, showing that some hormones____ on calcium

A

inactivated

activated

depend

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11
Q

an example of calcium -dependent hormonal action is____ metabolism

A

phosphatidylinositol

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12
Q

when hormones bind to GPCR(G__), coupled to_____ that breaks down___(PIP) into___ and___

A

q

phospholipase C

phosphatidylinositol triophosphate

IP3

DAG

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13
Q

DAG can directly stimulate____ , and that can In turn____ many cellular proteins and convert them to_____( which can have infect on some enzymes)

A

protein kinase C(PKC)

phosphorylate

phosphoproteins

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14
Q

IP3 can act on____; activating it to____ through ____associated with it eventually causing ____in ____levels.

——-released then binds to____ leading to____ complex that would activate——- ->____ of intracellular proteins and causing activation or inactivation

A

ER

release calcium

calcium channels

increase

cytosolic calcium

Calcium ;calmodulin; Ca-calmodulin; specific calmodulin kinases

phosphorylation

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15
Q

a kinase carries out—— reactions

A

phosphorylation

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16
Q

CALMODULIN

  • induces conformational change leading to activation of proteins
  • ____complex also modulate____,_____,___, ___Atpase etc
A

Ca-calmodulin

adenyl cyclase; phosphorylase kinase; NOS

Ca-Mg

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17
Q

NOS is ——-

A

Nitric oxide synthase

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18
Q

some hormones act through PKA, PKC, Ca-calmodulin complexes which phosphorylate____ and____ residues

A

Tyrosine

serine

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19
Q

Ca-calmodulin complexes are____ kinases

A

single protein

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20
Q

some tyrosine residues are phosphorylated through through ____activity of hormones leading to activation of receptors

A

tyrosine kinases

21
Q

——- and ——- receptors have intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity

A

EGF and Insulin

22
Q

phosphorylated Insulin receptors then activate____ or——

A

Insulin receptor substrates (IRS)

their own tyrosine residues

23
Q

phosphorylated IRS will bind to the______ and activate them causing a cascade of events until effect of___ is established(which is ———)

A

domains of other proteins

insulinn

increased intake of glucose into cell

24
Q

some hormones lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity

T/F

A

T

25
Q

some hormones lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and act through_____ kinase (—-) and——-(——).

A

Janus activation; JAK

Signal transducers and activators of transcription; STAT

26
Q

STAT proteins____ and—— Into—— , bind——- leading to—- of some proteins

A

dimerise; translocate; nucleus

specific DNA elements

transcription

27
Q

hormones regulate proteins only directly

T/F

A

F

Both directly and indirectly

28
Q

proteins can be regulated by controlling their synthesis

T/F

A

T

29
Q

JAK acts through activation of—— that then acts at____ level and affect_____

A

STAT

transcription

gene expression

30
Q

STAT and JAK can also be modified through post translational modification
T/F

A

F. Only STAT

31
Q

enzymes can also be regulated by____ ——-( zymogen to active proteins

A

proteolytic cleavages

32
Q

Prolactin
binds to____ receptor->activates___ proteins->_____ on receptor->activate—— proteins-> enter____ -> bind to elements in the dna coding for____->increased___ of—— gene->increased——

A

prolactin

JAK

phosphorylates tyrosine residues

STAT

nucleus

casein

transcription; casein; milk secretion

33
Q

NF-KB

  • An ——— complex
  • kept sequestered in—— In an—— form by some inhibitors (——-)
  • when there is____ and——, leads to—— of NF-KB -> NF-KB is____ to—— and binds to—— -> causes—— of——- responses
A

heterodimeric

cytoplasm; inactive; IKB

proinflammatory cytokines; ROS

activation

translocated; nucleus

gene promoters; transcription; inflammatory

34
Q

KB stands for——- and is a——

A

kappaB

transcription factor

35
Q

NF-KB can act as hormones

T/F

A

T

36
Q

Glucocorticoid hormones

  • have——— effect
  • eg——
  • they—— NF-KB
A

anti-inflammatory

cortisol

inhibit

37
Q

Glucocorticoids are not therapeutically effective

T/F

A

F

38
Q

Glucocorticoid hormones are used to———- inflammation

A

treat or inverse the inflammation.

39
Q

———is an example of a glucocorticoid hormone and it prevents NF-KB from——-

A

hydrocortisone

being translocated into the nucleus

40
Q

Mention 2 NF-KB subunits

A

p50 and p65

41
Q

Receptor tyrosine kinases ____ intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity within the receptor molecule.

Tyrosine kinaseassociated receptors ______ intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity

A

have

do not have

42
Q

In further contrast to peptide hormones, which act (slowly or quickly?) on their target cells (within _____), steroid hormones act (slowly or quickly?) (taking ______).

A

quickly; minutes

slowly; hours

43
Q

Arterial blood is delivered to the hypothalamus via the _______ arteries, which distribute the blood in a capillary network in the ____, called the ______ that converge to form the ______ vessels, which travel down the _____ to deliver hypothalamic ____ blood to the ____ lobe of the pituitary.

A

superior hypophysial

median eminence

primary capillary plexuses

long hypophysial portal

infundibulum

venous

anterior

44
Q

A parallel capillary plexus forms from the _____ arteries in the____ portion of the infundibular stem of the hypothalamus.

These capillaries converge to form the _____ vessels, which deliver blood to the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

A

inferior hypophysial

lower

short hypophysial portal

45
Q

Most of its blood supply of the pituitary gland is —— blood from the _____ , supplied by the long and short hypophysial portal vessels.

A

venous

hypothalamus

46
Q

The cells of the anterior pituitary,, are the only cells in the body to receive high concentrations of the hypothalamic hormones.
T/F

A

T

47
Q

Orgasm
Opiods

Stimulates or inhibits oxytocin

A

Stimulates

Inhibits

48
Q 
Ethanol
Decreased serum osmolarity 
Decreased ECF volume 
Angiotensin II 
Pain 
Nausea 
Hypoglycemia 
Nicotine 
Opiates
Antineoplastic drugs

Stimulates or inhibits ADH secretion

A 
Inhibits
Inhibits
Stimulates
 Stimulates
Stimulates
Stimulates
Stimulates
Stimulates
Stimulates
Stimulates

Bch 204 (14 decks)

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