Effect of stuff Shii bch

Question 1

EPINEPHRINE ON Carbs METABOLISM

• influences the metabolism of peripheral tissues by causing the ____ of muscle glycogen
• it (increases or decreases ?) the concentration of and changes and changes the relationship between different _____, indicating its influence on Carbs metabolism in ____ muscle by activating the enzyme ___ and stimulating _____lysis

Answer 1

release

Increases

hexose phosphate

striated

phosphorylase

glycogeno

Question 2

epinephrine is secreted by the _____ and acts on both ___ and ____ to bring about glycogenolysis by increasing ______ activity

Answer 2

Adrenal medulla

muscle and liver

phosphorylase

Question 3

end product of glycogenolysis is ____ in liver and ____ in muscle , so it thus __eases blood glucose levels
-responsible for the body’s fight or flight response

Answer 3

glucose

lactate

incr

Question 4

EPINEPHRINE ON Lipids METABOLISM

• epinephrine preferentially stimulates ____ breakdown over _____in the______ muscle
• while in oxidative ___ muscle, it causes an increased ______ over ___ breakdown

Answer 4

glycogen

triacylglycerol hydrolysis

glycolytic epitrochlearis

soleus; endogenous lipid hydrolysis; glycogen

Question 5

GLUCAGON ON Carbs METABOLISM

• its involved in ____ metabolism
• regulates blood flow by increasing _____genesis and decreasing ____lysis
• increases blood level of ____ bodies and ____ (starvation)

Answer 5

glycogen

gluconeo

glyco

ketone; urea

Question 6

Glucagon decreases cholesterol,total lipids and increases non-essential fatty acids

T/F

Answer 6

F

Also decreases non-essential fatty acids

Question 7

GLUCAGON ON Lipids METABOLISM
-acts primarily on the ___ and by regulating ______ metabolism , it reduces hepatic lipid _____ and decreases hepatic lipid _____

Answer 7

liver

hepatic lipid

accumulation

secretion

Question 8

ACTION OF EPINEPHRINE OR GLUCAGON

• epinephrine or glucagon stimulates adenyl cyclase to make cAMP which activates _____
• in glycogen synthesis, _____, phosphorylates the ____ form of _____ (Gsa) and converts it to the ____ form (Gsb)

Answer 8

phosphorylase kinase

phosphorylase kinase

active

glycogen synthase

inactive

Question 9

INSULIN VS DIABETES MELLITUS

• is an essential hormone produced by the ___ cell of the ____
• its main role is to control glucose levels in the blood by taking up excess glucose in to the ___

Answer 9

beta

pancreas

liver

Question 10

in the liver, excess glucose is covered into ____

Answer 10

glycogen

Question 11

ACTION BY INSULIN

• insulin is released when blood glucose concentrations is ____,initiating a cascade
• part of this cascade activates an ____ sensitive ____
• it also phosphorylates ____ and this occurs at (the same or a different?) site on the subunit than _____ by ______

Answer 11

high

insulin; protein kinase

RG1

a different

phosphorylation by PKA

Question 12

phosphorylation of RG1 by insulin sensitive protein kinase causes ____ to be activated, stimulating ____
-glycogen synthesis is ____ and breakdown is ____

Answer 12

PP

dephosphorylation

activated

inhibited

Question 13

both insulin(beta) and glucagon(alpha) are ____ hormones that are synthesized in the pancreas

Answer 13

peptide

Question 14

glucagon uses ____ as second messenger while insulin employs receptor _____

Answer 14

cAMP

tyrosine kinase

Question 15

DIABETES MELLITUS

• Occurs as a result of ____ insulin secretion from the pancreas or damage to the ____ cell of the pancreas
• there are 2 types:
• Type 1 diabetes MELLITUS- ______ secretion
• Type 2 diabetes MELLITUS-________ in the pancreas to the secreted insulin

Answer 15

insufficient

beta

insufficient insulin

non responsiveness of insulin receptors