Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bch 204 > Bone and Calcium Homeostasis > Flashcards

Bone and Calcium Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

_____is the most abundant mineral in bone

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____is the most abundant mineral in the human body.

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Calcium ions are needed not only for bone mineralization but for tooth health, regulation of the heart rate and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and regulation of nerve impulse conduction.

Ise read it and say T/F

A

Ttttttt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The normal level of calcium in the blood is about ____.

A

10 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When the body cannot maintain a normal level of calcium , a person will experience ___ or ____

A

hypo- or hypercalcemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body _____calcium levels.

A

maintains adequate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Derangements of calcium metabolism lead to ____ or _____, both of which can have important consequences for health.

A

hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral

T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

about ___ mmol of calcium from bone is turned over a day.

A

five

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains ___% of the total body calcium.

A

99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Calcium release from bone is regulated by _____ hormone.

A

parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone.

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypocalcemia
-A condition characterized by abnormally ___ levels of calcium

-it can have an adverse effect on a number of different body systems including circulation, muscles, nerves, and bone.
T/F

A

low

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Without adequate calcium, blood (has difficulty coagulating or over coagulates?) , the heart may ___ or _____ altogether, muscles may have difficulty _____, nerves may have difficulty functioning, and bones may become ____.

A

has difficulty coagulating

skip beats or stop beating

contracting

brittle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The causes of hypocalcemia can range from ____ to____

A

hormonal imbalances

an improper diet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatments for hypocalcemia are constant irrespective of the cause
T/F

A

F

vary according to the cause

17
Q

prognosis for hypocalcemia are generally (good or bad?)

A

Good

18
Q

when calcium level reduces below normal, ____ glands release ____ that increases the activity of osteo___ to ____ calcium from ___, __reased calcium reabsorption from kidneys and calcium’s absorption in the ____increases with__ synthesis

A

parathyroid; PTH

clasts

release ; bone

inc

small intestine ; vitD

19
Q

Hypercalcemia

  • a condition characterized by abnormally —- levels of calcium
  • the nervous system is (overactive or underactive?) , which results in ___,___ reflexes, constipation and ___ of appetite, confusion, and in severe cases,___.
A

high

Underactive

lethargy

sluggish

loss

coma

20
Q

calcium homeostasis is critical.

T/F

A

T

21
Q

The ___,____, and____ systems play a role in this, but the kidneys do, too.
-These body systems work together to maintain a normal calcium level in the blood

A

skeletal

endocrine

digestive

22
Q

when calcium level rises above normal, ____ gland releases____ that ____ osteoclasts activity and____ calcium’s rate of reabsorption in the kidney and calcium level decreases back to normal

A

thyroid

calcitonin

inhibits

reduces

23
Q

The body deposits calcium in the bones when blood levels get too___, and it releases calcium when blood levels drop too___.
-This process is regulated by____,____, and____.

A

high

low

PTH

vitamin D

calcitonin

24
Q

Calcium is a chemical element that can be produced by some biological processes.

T/F

A

F

Can’t be produced by any

25
Q

The only way calcium can enter the body is through the ____

A

diet.

26
Q

The ___ act as a storage site for calcium

A

bones

27
Q

Cells of the parathyroid gland do not have plasma membrane receptors for calcium.
T/F

A

F

They do

28
Q

When calcium is not binding to parathyroid gland membrane receptors, the cells release___, which stimulates osteo__ proliferation and ____ of bone by osteo___.
-This demineralization process ___ calcium into the blood.

A

PTH

clast; resorption;clasts

releases

29
Q

PTH promotes ___ of calcium from the urine by the kidneys, so that the calcium ___ to the blood.
-Finally, PTH stimulates the synthesis of____, which in turn, stimulates calcium absorption from any_____ in the______.

A

reabsorption

returns

vitamin D

digested food

small intestine

30
Q

When blood levels of calcium get too high, the ____ gland is stimulated to release____, which ____ osteoclast activity and ___ calcium uptake by the bones, but also ____ reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys.
-All of these actions ___ blood levels of calcium.

A

thyroid

calcitonin

inhibits

stimulates

decreases

lower

31
Q

High calcium intake may be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis.

T/F

A

F

Low calcium levels

32
Q

With a better bone balance, the risk of osteoporosis is lowered.

T/F

A

T

33
Q

Supplementation with _____ and _____ slightly improves bone mineral density.

A

vitamin D

calcium

34
Q

Vitamin D and Calcium Homeostasis

  • Vitamin D is converted to____(also called _____) in the liver.
  • Part of it is converted by the ___ to ____, the biologically active form of vitamin D.
  • It circulates as a hormone in the blood, regulating the concentration of____ and____ in the bloodstream and promoting the healthy growth and remodeling of bone.
A

calcidiol

calcifediol

kidneys

calcitriol

calcium; phosphate

35
Q

Responses to Blood Calcium Changes

  • When blood calcium concentration rises
  • the ______ cells of the thyroid gland increase calcitonin secretion into the blood.
  • At the same time, the parathyroid glands (increase or reduce?) parathyroid hormone secretion into the blood.
  • The resulting high levels of calcitonin in the blood stimulate the bone to remove calcium from the___ and deposit it as____.
  • Removal of calcium from the bone is also (facilitated or inhibited?)
A

parafollicular

Reduce

blood plasma

bone

Inhibited

36
Q

When the blood calcium level is too low
-calcitonin secretion is ____ and PTH secretion is _____.
-This results in the ___ of calcium from the___ to correct blood calcium levels.

A

inhibited

stimulated

removal; bone

37
Q

calcitriol: The active metabolite—_________—that is involved in the_____ of calcium.

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

absorption

38
Q

calcidiol: A ______ that is produced in the ___ by the____ of vitamin D3 (____) by the enzyme ____________

A

prehormone

liver

hydroxylation

cholecalciferol

cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase.

Bch 204 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions