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Parasitology Laboratory > Hookworm > Flashcards

Hookworm Flashcards

1
Q

MOT of Hookworms

A

Skin penetration

They have hooks used to attach to the host via their buccal cavity which has hooks or cutting plate which aids them in feeding
called the vampires because of the hook (ngipin)

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2
Q

Infective Stage of Hookworms

A

Filariform L3 Larva

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3
Q

Diagnostic Stage of Hookworm

A

Egg (heavy infection)

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4
Q

Usually yung magkakasabay na infection is the mix infection of

A

Ascaris, Trichuris, and Hookworm

Of these three si Hookworm ang pinaka-konti because para dumami si Hookworm kailangan there is heavy infection

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5
Q

Habitat of Hookworm

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

the only nematodes that live in the large intestine

A

Trichuris and Enterobius

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7
Q

all live in the small intestine

A

Ascaris, Hookworm, and Strongyloides

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8
Q

an animal hookworm

A

Ancylostoma brasiliense

Ancylostoma caninum

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9
Q

Old-World Hookworm

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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10
Q

C-shaped structure (both sexes) is a unique characteristic of

A

Ancylostoma brasiliense

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11
Q

has fan-like structure in the tail called

A

copulatory bursa

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12
Q

used for copulation, and it is a trapping structure for the female

A

copulatory bursa

there is a spicule in the copulatory bursa used for penetration

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13
Q

one way to differentiate hookworms from one another is through their

A

buccal cavity

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14
Q

dental pattern of Ancylostoma duodenale

A

two (2) pairs of teeth

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15
Q

direction of tail and head are similar (whether towards the right or left)

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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16
Q

bursa is described as bell-shaped

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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17
Q

Cat hookworm

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

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18
Q

Canine/Dog hookworm

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Ancylostoma spp. can also undergo
infection through ingestion of IS

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Intermediate host of the Hookworm

A

Small intestine

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21
Q

What are the distinct features that make them

hookworms?

A

Anterior end are all curved / hook mucosa to attach

themselves to the intestinal mucosa

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22
Q

forms a conspicuous bend at the anterior portion of

the parasite

A

Hookworm

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23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The hookworm egg cannot be distinguished whether
it is Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus,
Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Hookworm egg can be mistaken as

A

Strongyloides egg

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25
Q

○ Capable of infecting man

○ The final host would be the cat

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

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26
Q

○ Capable of infecting man

○ Final host is k9, mga aso

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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27
Q

New world hookworm or American

murderer (common in the Philippines)

A

Necator americanus

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28
Q

A. duodenale:

Filariform larva / L3 is characterized as

A

pointed tail, sheathed, shorter

esophagus

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29
Q

Hookworm egg characteristics

A

● Thin shelled
● 2 - 8 cell stages (blastomeres)
● No species identification

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30
Q

stage of hookworm wherein

open mouth
stage, it has long buccal cavity with small genital
primordium

A

Rhabditiform L1

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31
Q

DEntal pattern of Necator americanus

A

Semilunar cutting plate

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32
Q

“c” shaped:

”s” shaped:

A

“c” shaped: A. duodenale

”s” shaped: N. americanus

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33
Q

Dorsal ray,
trigiditate or
“tripartite” is seen in

A

A. duodenale

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34
Q

Dorsal ray, bidigate

or “bifid is seen in

A

N. americanus

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35
Q

● Larval migration through lungs

A

N. americanus

A. duodenale

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36
Q

Diagnostic stage of A. duodenale and N. americanus

A

Thin-shelled eggs (4-16 or blastomere stage)

2-8 cell stages (packet)

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37
Q

MOT of:

A. duodenale:

N. Americanus:

A

A. duodenale: Skin penetration/percutaneous AND ingestion

N. Americanus: ONLY skin penetration / percutaneous

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38
Q

Life span of A. duodenale and N. americanus

A

Up to 15 yr or more ; usually 5-10 years

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39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

You can differentiate the eggs of A. duodenale from N. americanus

A

FALSE

Can only differentiate adult
but the eggs and the larva, you cannot
distinguish which hookworm is that

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40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

You can differentiate the larvae of hookworm larvae from Strongyloides larvae

A

TRUE

we can distinguish kung ano doon yung
hookworm larva vs strongyloides larvae but their eggs are
the same

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41
Q

With 2 ventral pairs of teeth both found in female and

male hookworm

A

ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE

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42
Q

Spicule of Ancylostoma duodenale

A

plain and bristle-like

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43
Q

Spicule of Necator americanus

A

Barbed, fused

44
Q

NEcator americanus doesn’t have real teeth but have

A

semilunar cutting plates

45
Q

Feeding stage

A

Rhabditiform L1

46
Q

Pathology of Human Hookworms

Feel itch in the place where it entered

A

Cutaneous Stage: Ground Itch

47
Q

Pathology of Human Hookworms

Can undergo lung larval migration
Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworms

A

Pulmonary Phase: Pneumonitis

48
Q

Pathology of Human Hookworms

Blood loss because it lives in the blood

A

Intestinal: Blood Loss; Iron Deficiency Anemia

49
Q

2 Pathologies of Animal Hookworms

A

Cutaneous Larval Migrans / Creeping eruption;

Eosinophilic Enteritis

50
Q

Wakana/katayama disease is caused by ____ and is manifested by ____

A

Hookworm

Headache, Chills, Fever, Eosinophilia and Diarrhea
altogether

51
Q

Can indicate inflammation, allergic reaction, or

parasitic infection if more than __% eosinophilia

A

70%

52
Q

Adult hookworms can cause anemia by which RBCs are

A

RBCs are microcytic hypochromic

53
Q

Food of hookworm

A

Blood

54
Q

Smallest nematode

A

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

55
Q

Demonstrates Parthenogenesis

Can fertilize its own egg

Does not require the male for fertilization

A

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

56
Q

Difference of male and female strongyloides stercoralis

A

Female - pathogenic

Male - free living

57
Q

Also called Thread Worm

A

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

58
Q

Habitat of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

small intestine

59
Q

Infective stage of stronglyloides stercoralis

A

Filariform larva L3

60
Q

MOT of stronglyloides stercoralis

A

Larval Penetration/Skin Penetration

61
Q

Unique characteristic of Strongyloides stercoralis rhabditiform

A

PROMINENT genital primordium

62
Q

Difference between Hookworm rhabditiform and S. stercoralis rhabditiform

A

Hookworm rhabditiform: small genital primordium

S. stercoralis rhabditiform: prominent genital primordium

63
Q

Difference between Hookworm filariform larva and S. stercoralis filariform larva

A

Hookworm L3 : Shorter esophagus ; pointed tail

S. stercoralis L3: Longer esophagus ; notched tailq

64
Q

One of the parasites that cause severe diarrhea

A

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

65
Q

Types of diarrhea caused by S. stercoralis

A

Vietnam Diarrhea

Cochin China Diarrhea

66
Q

Honeyform appearance of intestinal mucosa is one of the pathologies of

A

S. stercoralis

67
Q

Capable of Larva Currens – migration of the larva

A

S. stercoralis

68
Q

Baermann Technique (Culture technique)

A 
Funnel
Rubber tubings
Clap
Gauze / Wire screen
Water (Moisturized water)
69
Q

Principle of Baermann Technique (Culture technique)

A

Based on the active migration or movement of larvae

➢ They sink to the bottom and can be collected for
identification

70
Q

What stage is harvested in Baermann technique

A

Filariform larvae

71
Q

this is known as “Filter paper culture technique”

A

Harada Mori (culture technique)

72
Q

Harada Mori (culture technique) conditions

A

Dark place
7 days
25 degrees (cold)

73
Q

What stage is harvested in Harada Mori Technique

A

Filariform larvae

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Harada Mori TEchnique and Baermann technique are used in clinical setting for diagnosis

A

FALSE

Harada Mori TEchnique and Baermann technique are only used for RESEARCH PURPOSES

75
Q

very important in detecting light
infection with hookworms, Strongy, Trichostrongylus
species.

A

Harada Mori TEchnique

76
Q

a good method for culturing Strongyloides

stercoralis.

A

Agar plate culture

77
Q

consists of agar, meat extract, peptone, and

saline solution.

A

Agar plate culture

78
Q

Can you differentiate Ancylostoma

duodenale vs. N. americanus using this egg?

A

NO

79
Q

Can you distinguish the Hookworm vs. the

Strongyloides by simply observing this egg?

A

NO

80
Q

What is the feature of the Strongyloides egg that can
be observed but not enough to differentiate it from the
hookworm eggs?

A

The size. The Strongyloides egg is slightly smaller.

81
Q

body cavities of nematodes are

A

pseudocoelom

82
Q

Nematodes are one of the largest groups of

A

metazoan

83
Q

Nematodes Bilaterally symmetrical cylindrical body with

A

tripoblastic nature

84
Q

Body of nematodes is

A

slender cylindrical unsegmented

with a resistant cuticle

85
Q

Nematodes Body wall contains

A

longitudinal muscles

Circular muscles are absent

86
Q

NEMATODES

Epidermis is ____

Locomotory cilia are ____

A

syncytial.

Absent but
Some have ciliated gastrodermal cells

87
Q

NEMATODES

Alimentary canal is a

A

simple straight tube.

88
Q

NEMATODES

Digestion is both

A

extracellular and intracellular

89
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Nematodes’ Intestine is non-muscular.

A

TRUE

90
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Nematodes have Blood vascular system

A

FALSE

Blood vascular system is absent

Pseudocoelomic Fluid helps in the transport of nutrients.

91
Q

NEMATODES

Excretory system contains

A

‘H’ shaped canals or excretory

gland.

92
Q

NEMATODES

Respiration is by

A

anaerobic method.

93
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

NEMATODES

Nervous system consists of a circum-enteric nerve ring
with ganglia.

A

TRUE

94
Q

Sense organs are aphids and phasmids
glandulo sensory structures in the posterior region of the
body.

A

(mechanical and chemoreceptors

present at the anterior region of the body)

95
Q

NEMATODES

Sexes are separate. Sexual dimorphism is present.

A

TRUE

96
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Fertilization is internal and external

A

FALSE

Fertilization is INTERNAL

97
Q

Development involves how many moults of the cuticle

A

four

98
Q

It is a phenomenon in which
cell division ceases near the end of embryonic
development, so that the number of cells of the adult is
constant. Development of rhabditiform larva. THIS IS CALLED

A

EUTELY

99
Q

2 CLASSIFICATION OF NEMATODA:

A

Class 1: Aphasmidia

Class 2: Phasmidia

100
Q

➢ These are mostly free living.
➢ Amphids are of various shapes and highly
modified.
➢ Phasmids are absent
➢ Excretory glands are present and excretory
canals are absent.

A

Aphasmidia

101
Q

Some are freeliving and others are parasitic
➢ Amphids are porelike.
➢ Phasmids are present.
➢ Excretory glands / excretory canals or both are
present.
➢ Examples: Ascaris common round warm,
Enterobius pinworm, Wuchereria Filarial worm,
Ancylostoma hookworm.

A

Phasmidia

102
Q

Flattened on one

side

A

Ascaris

103
Q

. Obvious

albuminous coating

A

Ancylostoma

104
Q

Surrounded by a

nurse cell

A

Enterobius

105
Q

Thin shell
surrounding
embryonic cleavage

A

Trichuris

106
Q

Polar plug on each

end

A

Trichuris??

Parasitology Laboratory (12 decks)

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