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Parasitology Laboratory > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Cestodes are also known as the

A

tapeworms

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2
Q

Cestodes resemble the

A

ribbon (ribbon-like)

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3
Q

True or False:

The embryonated Beef tapeworm egg is the infective stage to humans

A

FALSE
T. saginata
cysticercus bovisi larvae (seen in beef cattle)

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4
Q

True or False: The eggs of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata is indistinguishable from each other.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

True or False: T. solium adult is longer compared to the D.latus adult.

A

FALSE

Tania solium is under the class of cyclophilidean “True tapeowrm” and undergoes apolysis

Dibothriocephalus latus is under the class of pseudophyllidea “False tapeworm” and does not undergo apolysis therefore they are LONGER

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6
Q

The infective stage of the Rat Tapeworm is the

A

Rat tape worm is also known as the Hymenolepis diminuta and their IS is the cysticercoid larvae

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7
Q

The common name of the only tapeworm that may or may not require an intermediate host.

A

Dwarf tapeworm or the Hymenolepis nana

HAVE 2 LIFE CYCLE (DIRECT AND INDIRECT)

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8
Q

GENERALITIES of Cestodes

A

Tape-like or ribbon-like

All are hermaphrodites

All are Segmented

Adult forms inhabit the Small Intestines

No Gastrointestinal Tract (totally)

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9
Q

3 types of segments

A

mature
immature
gravid

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10
Q

T OR F

Trematodes just like cestodes are segmented

A

FALSE

Trematodes and flukes = UNSEGMENTED

Cestodes = SEGMENTED

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11
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum is also called the

A

dibothriocephalus latus

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12
Q

Basic parts of pseudophyllidea (Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum)

A 
Scolex
Neck
Immature segments
Mature segments
Gravid segments
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13
Q

part Used for attachments

A

Scolex

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14
Q

Region of growth

A

Neck

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15
Q

part with No reproductive organs

A

immature segment

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16
Q

part with with reproductive organs, without egg

A

mature segment

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17
Q

part with reproductive organs, with egg

A

gravid segment

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18
Q

Basic parts of cyclophyllidea (Taenia spp.)

A 
Scolex
Neck
Immature proglottid
Mature proglottid
Gravid proglottid
Strobila
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19
Q

Scolex of the Taenia spp.

A

for attachment

Globular structure

o	Rostellum (upper portion of scolex; retractable)
o	With Hook (armed rostellum) , without hook (unarmed)
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20
Q

Body of the tapeworm

A

strobila

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21
Q

Scolex of the order pseudophyllidea

A 
•	Spoon-shaped,
almond-shaped, spatulate
•	2 slit-like grooves
(bothria)
•	No rostellum and no hooks
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22
Q

Scolex of the order cyclophyllidea

A
  • Quadrate
  • May possess rostellum
  • 4 cup-like suckers
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23
Q

2 slit-like grooves of the scolex of pseudophyllidea is called

A

bothria

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24
Q

Strobila of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:

A

Pseudophyllidea: Anapolytic
Cyclophyllidea: Apolytic

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25
Q

Vitellaria of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:

A

Pseudophyllidea: diffused with many follicles

Cyclophyllidea: compact and separated

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26
Q

Gravid proglottid of the cyclophyllidea

A

Degenerative reproductive organs except uterus

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27
Q

Gravid proglottid of the pseudophyllidea

A

All reproductive organs
present

Uterus = Rosette appearance

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28
Q

Uterine pore of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:

A

Pseudophyllidea: Present at median, ventral and surface

Cyclophyllidea: Absent

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29
Q

Difference of the OVA of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:

A

Pseudophyllidea: Oval, operculated, unembryonated

Cyclophyllidea: Spherical, non-operculated, embryonated / mature

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30
Q

Larval stages of the pseudophyllidea

A

Coracidium –> Procercoid –>

Plerocercoid

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31
Q

Larval stage of the cyclophyllidea

Larvae of the Hymenolepis spp.

A

Cysticercoid

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32
Q

Larvae of the Hymenolepis spp.

A

Cysticercus

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33
Q

larvae of Echinococcus

A

hydatid cyst

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34
Q

Diagnosis

A

• Stool examination

o Detection of operculated eggs (for cyclo ata to)

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35
Q

Pathology

A

Megaloblastic anemia

because this also feeds on the Vitamin B12

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36
Q

The diphyllobothrium latum / dibothriocephalus latus (broad fish tapeworm) EGG is mistaken as

A

egg of paragonimus westermani (oriental lung fluke)

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37
Q

Cyclophyllidea also known as

A

true tapeworms

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38
Q

Representative of the order cyclophyllidea

A

Taenia solium

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39
Q

Taenia solium is also known as

A

pork tapeworm

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40
Q

IH of pork tapeworm

A

Pigs, wild boars, swine families, can also be humans

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41
Q

Infective stage of the Taenia solium

A

Eggs and the cysticercus cellulosae larva

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42
Q

meat that is said to be contaminated with Taenia solium is called the

A

Measly pork

43
Q

Scolex of Taenia solium has

A

4 cup-shaped suckers

Rostellum is armed (With hooks)

44
Q

GRavid segment/proglottid of Taenia solium has

A

square-like

has 5-13 lateral finger uterine branches

45
Q

T OR F

The eggs of Taenia spp. are indistinguishable from each other

A

TRUE

46
Q

HOW to differentiate Taenia spp.?

A

Scolex

Segments/proglottid

47
Q

how to determine if a treatment is successful?

A

isolation of the scolex

48
Q

Taenia saginata is also known as

A

beef tapeworm

49
Q

IH of the beef tapeworm

A

cattle

50
Q

Infective stage of the beef tapeworm

A

cysticercus bovis

51
Q

Scolex of the beef tapeworm has

A

4 cup-like suckers

no hooks nor rostellum

52
Q

T OR F

The eggs of Taenia spp. are infective to humans

A

FALSE

Only T. solium

the egg of Taenia aginata is never infective to humans

53
Q

GRavid segment/proglottid of the T. saginata has

A

longer than wide compared to the T. solium

has 15-20 uterine branches

54
Q

Taenia spp. egg

A

spherical in shape and has strations

Oncosphere with 6 hooklets observed

55
Q

Proglottid of taeniids have a characteristic of

A

lateral protrusion known as the GENITAL PORE

56
Q

How to visualize the uterine pore of proglottids of taenia spp.

A

injection of india ink through the genital pore tovisualize the uterine branches

57
Q

Diagnosis of Taeniasis

A

Stool analysis to detect
eggs
gravid proglottids (isolate)
Scolex (to determine successful treatment)

58
Q

Taeniasis is the

A

infection of the adult worm

59
Q

What is cysticercosis

A

infection caused by the Taenia solium alone

60
Q

T OR F

Cysticercus cellulosae are erratic

A

TRUE

cysticercus cellulosae are erratic (can be found anywhere such as brain, heart, etc.)

61
Q

Diagnosis of Cysicercosis

A

Imaging technique because it is inside our body

NOT demonstration og eggs

62
Q

T OR F

Taenia saginata is deadly compared to Taenia solium

A

FALSE

Taenia solium is deadly as compared to Taenia saginata
because it can cause Cysticercosis

63
Q

Dipylidium caninum is also known as the

A

Double pored tapeworm / DOg or cat tapeworm / pumpkin seed tapeworm / cucumber tapeworm

64
Q

why is it called the double pored tapeworm

A

because of the two genital pores at the lateral sides

65
Q

Infective stage of the dipylidium caninum

A

cysticercoid larvae

66
Q

IH of the dipylidium caninum

A

Fleas, beetles (insects)

67
Q

Diagnostic stage

A

Segment / proglottid

68
Q

Scolex of the Dipylidium caninum has

A

Armed (with hooks) rostellum

Neck

69
Q

Egg of Dipylidium caninum

A

5-30 eggs contained in a plastic-like structure/membrane-like structure called the egg packets

WITH 6 HOOKLETS

70
Q

T OR F

Double pore tapeworm is a zoonotic infection (the source is animals)

A

TRUE

71
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta is also called the

A

rat tapeworm

72
Q

Infective stage of the rat tapeworm

A

cysticercoid larvae

73
Q

IH of rat tapeworm

A

Fleas and beetles

74
Q

Definitive host of rat tapeworm

A

rodents / rats

75
Q

Diagnostic stage

A

egg

76
Q

Scolex of H. nana has

A

has ARMED rostellum with y-shaped

77
Q

hooklets of T. solium rostellum

A

Arabian dagger hooklets

78
Q

number of proglottids of H. nana

A

200

79
Q

Tapeworms that have egg as IS

A

T. solium
H. nana
E. granulosus

80
Q

Tapeworms that have ONLY larvae as their IS

A

T. saginata
D. caninum
H. diminuta

81
Q

Eggs of the dwarf tapeworm

A

Hexacanth embryo

with polar thickenings

WITH POLAR FILAMENTS

82
Q

Difference between H. nana and H. diminuta

A

H. nana: armed rostellum, egg is with polar filaments

H. diminuta: unarmed rostellum, egg has NO polar filaments

83
Q

Echinococcus granulosus infective stage

A

hydatid cyst or larva and embryonated

84
Q

accidental host of E. granulosus

A

humans

85
Q

MOT

A

ingestion of embryonated egg

86
Q

Smallest tapeworm that develops into adult inside the human

A

H. nana

87
Q

Smallest tapeworm that CANNOT develop to adult inside the human

A

E. granulosus

88
Q

DEfinitive host of the Echinococcus granulosus

A

canines

89
Q

IH of Echnicoccus granulosus

A

sheeps and goats

90
Q

Diagnostic stage of E. granulosus

A

hydatid cyst

91
Q

T OR F

Echinoccocus is a tissue parasite

not found in intestines but in tissue

A

TRUE

92
Q

Rallietina garissoni scolex has

A

alternation of two circular rows, 90-140 hammer shaped hooks

rostellum with hammer shaped hook

93
Q

Radian vineyard hooks is seen in the scolex of

A

T. solium

94
Q

a minor tapeworm

A

Rallietina garissoni

95
Q

Treatment against the echinoccocus spp is the

A

removal of the hydatid cyst

prevent the rupture of the cyst filled with fluid

96
Q

What will happen if the hydatid cyst ruptures during treatmentq

A

patient could undergo anaphylactic reaction

spreading of infection

97
Q

oncosphere inside at 6th hooklet is seen in

A

taenia eggs

98
Q

the sucking groove of the diphyllobothrium latum

A

bothria

99
Q

pumpkin seed appearance of scolex is seen in

A

dipyllidium caninum

100
Q

The Intradermal test to diagnose Hydatid disease.

A

Casoni Intradermal test

101
Q

How to differentiate hymenolepis spp.

A

EGGS

nana is smaller and with polar filaments

diminuta is larger with NO polar filaments

102
Q

Presence of two genital pores in a proglottid is diagnostic of what tapeworm? Give the scientific names

A

D. caninum, hence known as double pored tapeworm

103
Q

True or False: Taenia solium egg is an infective stage to human

A

TRUE

104
Q

Give the scientific name of the only tapeworm with operculated eggs.

A

D. latus/ D. latum

Parasitology Laboratory (12 decks)

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