Cestodes Flashcards
Cestodes are also known as the
tapeworms
Cestodes resemble the
ribbon (ribbon-like)
True or False:
The embryonated Beef tapeworm egg is the infective stage to humans
FALSE
T. saginata
cysticercus bovisi larvae (seen in beef cattle)
True or False: The eggs of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata is indistinguishable from each other.
TRUE
True or False: T. solium adult is longer compared to the D.latus adult.
FALSE
Tania solium is under the class of cyclophilidean “True tapeowrm” and undergoes apolysis
Dibothriocephalus latus is under the class of pseudophyllidea “False tapeworm” and does not undergo apolysis therefore they are LONGER
The infective stage of the Rat Tapeworm is the
Rat tape worm is also known as the Hymenolepis diminuta and their IS is the cysticercoid larvae
The common name of the only tapeworm that may or may not require an intermediate host.
Dwarf tapeworm or the Hymenolepis nana
HAVE 2 LIFE CYCLE (DIRECT AND INDIRECT)
GENERALITIES of Cestodes
Tape-like or ribbon-like
All are hermaphrodites
All are Segmented
Adult forms inhabit the Small Intestines
No Gastrointestinal Tract (totally)
3 types of segments
mature
immature
gravid
T OR F
Trematodes just like cestodes are segmented
FALSE
Trematodes and flukes = UNSEGMENTED
Cestodes = SEGMENTED
Diphyllobothrium latum is also called the
dibothriocephalus latus
Basic parts of pseudophyllidea (Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum)
Scolex Neck Immature segments Mature segments Gravid segments
part Used for attachments
Scolex
Region of growth
Neck
part with No reproductive organs
immature segment
part with with reproductive organs, without egg
mature segment
part with reproductive organs, with egg
gravid segment
Basic parts of cyclophyllidea (Taenia spp.)
Scolex Neck Immature proglottid Mature proglottid Gravid proglottid Strobila
Scolex of the Taenia spp.
for attachment
Globular structure
o Rostellum (upper portion of scolex; retractable) o With Hook (armed rostellum) , without hook (unarmed)
Body of the tapeworm
strobila
Scolex of the order pseudophyllidea
• Spoon-shaped, almond-shaped, spatulate • 2 slit-like grooves (bothria) • No rostellum and no hooks
Scolex of the order cyclophyllidea
- Quadrate
- May possess rostellum
- 4 cup-like suckers
2 slit-like grooves of the scolex of pseudophyllidea is called
bothria
Strobila of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:
Pseudophyllidea: Anapolytic
Cyclophyllidea: Apolytic
Vitellaria of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:
Pseudophyllidea: diffused with many follicles
Cyclophyllidea: compact and separated
Gravid proglottid of the cyclophyllidea
Degenerative reproductive organs except uterus
Gravid proglottid of the pseudophyllidea
All reproductive organs
present
Uterus = Rosette appearance
Uterine pore of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:
Pseudophyllidea: Present at median, ventral and surface
Cyclophyllidea: Absent
Difference of the OVA of
Pseudophyllidea:
Cyclophyllidea:
Pseudophyllidea: Oval, operculated, unembryonated
Cyclophyllidea: Spherical, non-operculated, embryonated / mature
Larval stages of the pseudophyllidea
Coracidium –> Procercoid –>
Plerocercoid
Larval stage of the cyclophyllidea
Larvae of the Hymenolepis spp.
Cysticercoid
Larvae of the Hymenolepis spp.
Cysticercus
larvae of Echinococcus
hydatid cyst
Diagnosis
• Stool examination
o Detection of operculated eggs (for cyclo ata to)
Pathology
Megaloblastic anemia
because this also feeds on the Vitamin B12
The diphyllobothrium latum / dibothriocephalus latus (broad fish tapeworm) EGG is mistaken as
egg of paragonimus westermani (oriental lung fluke)
Cyclophyllidea also known as
true tapeworms
Representative of the order cyclophyllidea
Taenia solium
Taenia solium is also known as
pork tapeworm
IH of pork tapeworm
Pigs, wild boars, swine families, can also be humans
Infective stage of the Taenia solium
Eggs and the cysticercus cellulosae larva
meat that is said to be contaminated with Taenia solium is called the
Measly pork
Scolex of Taenia solium has
4 cup-shaped suckers
Rostellum is armed (With hooks)
GRavid segment/proglottid of Taenia solium has
square-like
has 5-13 lateral finger uterine branches
T OR F
The eggs of Taenia spp. are indistinguishable from each other
TRUE
HOW to differentiate Taenia spp.?
Scolex
Segments/proglottid
how to determine if a treatment is successful?
isolation of the scolex
Taenia saginata is also known as
beef tapeworm
IH of the beef tapeworm
cattle
Infective stage of the beef tapeworm
cysticercus bovis
Scolex of the beef tapeworm has
4 cup-like suckers
no hooks nor rostellum
T OR F
The eggs of Taenia spp. are infective to humans
FALSE
Only T. solium
the egg of Taenia aginata is never infective to humans
GRavid segment/proglottid of the T. saginata has
longer than wide compared to the T. solium
has 15-20 uterine branches
Taenia spp. egg
spherical in shape and has strations
Oncosphere with 6 hooklets observed
Proglottid of taeniids have a characteristic of
lateral protrusion known as the GENITAL PORE
How to visualize the uterine pore of proglottids of taenia spp.
injection of india ink through the genital pore tovisualize the uterine branches
Diagnosis of Taeniasis
Stool analysis to detect
eggs
gravid proglottids (isolate)
Scolex (to determine successful treatment)
Taeniasis is the
infection of the adult worm
What is cysticercosis
infection caused by the Taenia solium alone
T OR F
Cysticercus cellulosae are erratic
TRUE
cysticercus cellulosae are erratic (can be found anywhere such as brain, heart, etc.)
Diagnosis of Cysicercosis
Imaging technique because it is inside our body
NOT demonstration og eggs
T OR F
Taenia saginata is deadly compared to Taenia solium
FALSE
Taenia solium is deadly as compared to Taenia saginata
because it can cause Cysticercosis
Dipylidium caninum is also known as the
Double pored tapeworm / DOg or cat tapeworm / pumpkin seed tapeworm / cucumber tapeworm
why is it called the double pored tapeworm
because of the two genital pores at the lateral sides
Infective stage of the dipylidium caninum
cysticercoid larvae
IH of the dipylidium caninum
Fleas, beetles (insects)
Diagnostic stage
Segment / proglottid
Scolex of the Dipylidium caninum has
Armed (with hooks) rostellum
Neck
Egg of Dipylidium caninum
5-30 eggs contained in a plastic-like structure/membrane-like structure called the egg packets
WITH 6 HOOKLETS
T OR F
Double pore tapeworm is a zoonotic infection (the source is animals)
TRUE
Hymenolepis diminuta is also called the
rat tapeworm
Infective stage of the rat tapeworm
cysticercoid larvae
IH of rat tapeworm
Fleas and beetles
Definitive host of rat tapeworm
rodents / rats
Diagnostic stage
egg
Scolex of H. nana has
has ARMED rostellum with y-shaped
hooklets of T. solium rostellum
Arabian dagger hooklets
number of proglottids of H. nana
200
Tapeworms that have egg as IS
T. solium
H. nana
E. granulosus
Tapeworms that have ONLY larvae as their IS
T. saginata
D. caninum
H. diminuta
Eggs of the dwarf tapeworm
Hexacanth embryo
with polar thickenings
WITH POLAR FILAMENTS
Difference between H. nana and H. diminuta
H. nana: armed rostellum, egg is with polar filaments
H. diminuta: unarmed rostellum, egg has NO polar filaments
Echinococcus granulosus infective stage
hydatid cyst or larva and embryonated
accidental host of E. granulosus
humans
MOT
ingestion of embryonated egg
Smallest tapeworm that develops into adult inside the human
H. nana
Smallest tapeworm that CANNOT develop to adult inside the human
E. granulosus
DEfinitive host of the Echinococcus granulosus
canines
IH of Echnicoccus granulosus
sheeps and goats
Diagnostic stage of E. granulosus
hydatid cyst
T OR F
Echinoccocus is a tissue parasite
not found in intestines but in tissue
TRUE
Rallietina garissoni scolex has
alternation of two circular rows, 90-140 hammer shaped hooks
rostellum with hammer shaped hook
Radian vineyard hooks is seen in the scolex of
T. solium
a minor tapeworm
Rallietina garissoni
Treatment against the echinoccocus spp is the
removal of the hydatid cyst
prevent the rupture of the cyst filled with fluid
What will happen if the hydatid cyst ruptures during treatmentq
patient could undergo anaphylactic reaction
spreading of infection
oncosphere inside at 6th hooklet is seen in
taenia eggs
the sucking groove of the diphyllobothrium latum
bothria
pumpkin seed appearance of scolex is seen in
dipyllidium caninum
The Intradermal test to diagnose Hydatid disease.
Casoni Intradermal test
How to differentiate hymenolepis spp.
EGGS
nana is smaller and with polar filaments
diminuta is larger with NO polar filaments
Presence of two genital pores in a proglottid is diagnostic of what tapeworm? Give the scientific names
D. caninum, hence known as double pored tapeworm
True or False: Taenia solium egg is an infective stage to human
TRUE
Give the scientific name of the only tapeworm with operculated eggs.
D. latus/ D. latum
