hoof revision and disease Flashcards

1
Q

define keratinisation

A
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2
Q

define cornification

A
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3
Q

Define horn

A
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4
Q
A
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5
Q

label the hoof capsule and corium

A
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6
Q

Label the hoof capsule and corium

A
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7
Q

Describe the composition of the hoof

A
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8
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the equine foot

A

3 zones for blood supply:
proximal dorsal - via branches from digital arteries, supplies coronary band
Distal dorsal - via palmar/plantar digital arteries
Palmar supply - via branches from palmar digital arteries to heel bulbs, part of sole and frog

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9
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the equine hoof

A

satellite veins (parallel to arterial supply)

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10
Q

Why is the venous drainage of an equine hoof important in laminitis?

A

many arterio-venous anastomoses can divert blood away from corium
this exacerbates ischeamia and tissue damage, impaired blood flow and oxygen supply to corium contributes to pain and progression of laminitis

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11
Q

How is horn/hoof produced?

A
  • basement membrane and dermis form elongated dermal papillae at coronary band
  • basal cells produce keratinocyes as usual, which become squames
  • keratin squames glued together to form tubules
  • tubules glued together by intertubular horn to form hoof/horn
  • hoof slides over/between dermal lamella
  • takes 12-15 months for hoof to grow from coronary band to ground
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12
Q

What do the perioplic and sole dermis do in hoof/horn production?

A

Perioplic dermis - produces a thin, waxy, waterproof cover
Sole dermis - produces sole at same rate as coronary dermis

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13
Q

Describe the anatomy of the coronary band/corium

A
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14
Q

Label this diagram of hoof growth

A
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15
Q

Describe the epidermal lamellae of the equine hoof

A
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16
Q

Describe the dermal lamellae of the equine hoof

A
17
Q

What is the role of the dermis and epidermis in the hoof?

A

Dermis - blood, nerve supply
Epidermis - protection, hoof formation

18
Q

Label the dermis and epipdermis of the claw/hoof

A
19
Q

Describe the dermal epidermal junction and how this relates to horn growth

A

Horn (epidermis) slides over corium
Corium (dermis) attached to P3
These layers interdigitate

20
Q

What is secondary lamellae in the equine hoof?

A

increases area of basement membrane, increases strength of dermal-epidermal bond

21
Q

What is the function of secondary lamellae in the equine hoof?

A

This ensures structural integrity, distributes weight, absorved shock, stabilises coffin bone, facilitates blood flow, protects against injuries and infection

22
Q

How are hemidesmosomes linked to laminitis?

A

hemidesmosomes break down in laminitis as the basement membrane breaks down

23
Q

what are MMPs and TIMPs?

A

MMP = matrix metalloproteinases - enzymes that break down and remodel ECM in tissues
TIMPs - natural inhibitors that help control the excessive degradation of the ECM by MMPs