homeostasis, protein and functions Flashcards
glycosuria
sugar in urine
polyuria
excessive urination
polydipsea
excessive thirst
major deficiencies for CHO
diabetes mellitus- hyperglycemia
ketosis- hypoglycemia
diabetes
disease in which the body ability to produce/respond to insulin is impaired
type 1 diabetes
autoimmune reaction of the body destroying the cells in pancreas that make insulin which leads to little to no secretion of insulin
type 2 diabetes
body does not use insulin correctly and the cells in body does not respond to insulin resulting in the increase of insulin accumulation in body
this increases blood sugar
when does gestational diabetes occur
occurs when the body cannot make enough insulin during pregnancy
oral glucose tolerance test
measures bodies ability to use glucose, can diagnose diabetes and gestational diabetes
high blood glucose causes damages to capillaries in
kidney, heart, eyes, nervous system
if high blood glucose levels are left untreated it can cause
heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage
low fat + high carb diet =
fewer deaths from diabetes
what is dietary restriction and what does it correlate with
is a reduction of specific or total nutrient intake and there is a positive correlation between life and health span with dietary restrictions
placental lactogen
changes mothers metabolism to increase glucose for baby
diabetes in animals
the pancreas is unable to secrete enough or any insulin to allow the glucose to leave the bloodstream
diabetes in animals
the pancreas is unable to secrete enough or any insulin to allow the glucose to leave the bloodstream
how to tell forage maturity
immature plants have less lignin and maturing plants have high lignin
cell walls
cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin
cell solubles
starches, sugars and digestible fractions
acid detergent fiber determines what and by measuring what?
digestibility of fiber measuring lignin and cellulose
neutral detergent fiber determines what and measures what?
measure fiber intake by measuring lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose
how to tell is grass is mature or immature
no seed heads or seed heads
kjeldahl measures what
% Nitrogen
%CP=
%nitrogen x 6.25
melamine
urea+formaldehyde= white powder
dietary essentials
PVT TIM HALL
4 sources for pet food or protein feeds
animal and marine
plant
by-product
synthetic amino acids
animal protein=
acidic urine
plant protein=
alkaline urine
meat in feed can represent what
any species of slaughtered mammal, most commonly muscle of pork, beef, sheep or horse meat
by products in feed are
secondary products are included in addition to the principle product
storage/ preservative issues
ethoxiquin, BHT, BHA, Vit. E and Vit C
soybeans=
protein
what amino acids for pigs should be limited
lysine and tryptophan
restarter diet in pigs contains how much CP
20-22% CP
50-125 lb = need what percentage of CP
18%
125-200 lb= need what percentage of CP
16%
mature hog/sow= percentage of CP
14%
starter rations diet CP
18-20% CP
do gilts or barrows eat less
gilts eat less, however they have a high muscle and lean carcass
market hogs finish
12-14% CP
what do you need for ruminant microbial protein
nitrogen, need energy, need sulfur, carbon skeleton
excess protein for horses leads to
increase water turnover, increase heat prod., increase ammonia
wrong protein:energy ratio leads to
Developmental orthopedic disease DOD
functions of protein
structure, regulation, energy, production
structure of protein contains
collagen, elastin, contractile proteins, keratine proteins, blood proteins, cell membranes
what and where is keratin found?
fibrous, tough and insoluable protein
found in hair, wool, horn, claws, hooves epithelia cells in gut, rumen papillae w/o scratch factor
regualtion of proteins
enzymes in digestion and synthesis, hormones, immune antibodies and hereditary transmission of genes
energy of proteins
deamination, only used when not enough calories for metabolism, ration of calories to protein
deamination
removal of an amine group from a molecule
production of proteins
feeding fish, feeding ruminants- nitrate toxicity, others and more
what is toxic to fish
ammonia an nitrite
high nitrite=
anoxia
Nitrie + hemoglobin =
methemoglobin
manure gas leads to increase in
ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane
