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Animal Nutrition 314 > homeostasis, protein and functions > Flashcards

homeostasis, protein and functions Flashcards

1
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in urine

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2
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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3
Q

polydipsea

A

excessive thirst

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4
Q

major deficiencies for CHO

A

diabetes mellitus- hyperglycemia

ketosis- hypoglycemia

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5
Q

diabetes

A

disease in which the body ability to produce/respond to insulin is impaired

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6
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

autoimmune reaction of the body destroying the cells in pancreas that make insulin which leads to little to no secretion of insulin

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7
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

body does not use insulin correctly and the cells in body does not respond to insulin resulting in the increase of insulin accumulation in body
this increases blood sugar

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8
Q

when does gestational diabetes occur

A

occurs when the body cannot make enough insulin during pregnancy

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9
Q

oral glucose tolerance test

A

measures bodies ability to use glucose, can diagnose diabetes and gestational diabetes

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10
Q

high blood glucose causes damages to capillaries in

A

kidney, heart, eyes, nervous system

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11
Q

if high blood glucose levels are left untreated it can cause

A

heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage

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12
Q

low fat + high carb diet =

A

fewer deaths from diabetes

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13
Q

what is dietary restriction and what does it correlate with

A

is a reduction of specific or total nutrient intake and there is a positive correlation between life and health span with dietary restrictions

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14
Q

placental lactogen

A

changes mothers metabolism to increase glucose for baby

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15
Q

diabetes in animals

A

the pancreas is unable to secrete enough or any insulin to allow the glucose to leave the bloodstream

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16
Q

diabetes in animals

A

the pancreas is unable to secrete enough or any insulin to allow the glucose to leave the bloodstream

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17
Q

how to tell forage maturity

A

immature plants have less lignin and maturing plants have high lignin

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18
Q

cell walls

A

cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin

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19
Q

cell solubles

A

starches, sugars and digestible fractions

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20
Q

acid detergent fiber determines what and by measuring what?

A

digestibility of fiber measuring lignin and cellulose

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21
Q

neutral detergent fiber determines what and measures what?

A

measure fiber intake by measuring lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose

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22
Q

how to tell is grass is mature or immature

A

no seed heads or seed heads

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23
Q

kjeldahl measures what

A

% Nitrogen

24
Q

%CP=

A

%nitrogen x 6.25

25
Q

melamine

A

urea+formaldehyde= white powder

26
Q

dietary essentials

A

PVT TIM HALL

27
Q

4 sources for pet food or protein feeds

A

animal and marine
plant
by-product
synthetic amino acids

28
Q

animal protein=

A

acidic urine

29
Q

plant protein=

A

alkaline urine

30
Q

meat in feed can represent what

A

any species of slaughtered mammal, most commonly muscle of pork, beef, sheep or horse meat

31
Q

by products in feed are

A

secondary products are included in addition to the principle product

32
Q

storage/ preservative issues

A

ethoxiquin, BHT, BHA, Vit. E and Vit C

33
Q

soybeans=

A

protein

34
Q

what amino acids for pigs should be limited

A

lysine and tryptophan

35
Q

restarter diet in pigs contains how much CP

A

20-22% CP

36
Q

50-125 lb = need what percentage of CP

A

18%

37
Q

125-200 lb= need what percentage of CP

A

16%

38
Q

mature hog/sow= percentage of CP

A

14%

39
Q

starter rations diet CP

A

18-20% CP

40
Q

do gilts or barrows eat less

A

gilts eat less, however they have a high muscle and lean carcass

41
Q

market hogs finish

A

12-14% CP

42
Q

what do you need for ruminant microbial protein

A

nitrogen, need energy, need sulfur, carbon skeleton

43
Q

excess protein for horses leads to

A

increase water turnover, increase heat prod., increase ammonia

44
Q

wrong protein:energy ratio leads to

A

Developmental orthopedic disease DOD

45
Q

functions of protein

A

structure, regulation, energy, production

46
Q

structure of protein contains

A

collagen, elastin, contractile proteins, keratine proteins, blood proteins, cell membranes

47
Q

what and where is keratin found?

A

fibrous, tough and insoluable protein

found in hair, wool, horn, claws, hooves epithelia cells in gut, rumen papillae w/o scratch factor

48
Q

regualtion of proteins

A

enzymes in digestion and synthesis, hormones, immune antibodies and hereditary transmission of genes

49
Q

energy of proteins

A

deamination, only used when not enough calories for metabolism, ration of calories to protein

50
Q

deamination

A

removal of an amine group from a molecule

51
Q

production of proteins

A

feeding fish, feeding ruminants- nitrate toxicity, others and more

52
Q

what is toxic to fish

A

ammonia an nitrite

53
Q

high nitrite=

A

anoxia

54
Q

Nitrie + hemoglobin =

A

methemoglobin

55
Q

manure gas leads to increase in

A

ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane

Animal Nutrition 314 (12 decks)

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