Carbohydrates function/digestion/fermentation/ and transport Flashcards
If fructose or any other dissacharide were
Given IV to a hypoglycemic pig, would that
Alleviate the hypoglycemic condition?
no it would not, if anything it would make it worse as the fructose cannot be broken down
functions of carbohydrates
energy, regulation, structural, production
what is affected by age and decreases in piglets at around 5 weeks?
lactose
what starts increasing with age, and is loved but the piglets?
sucrose
2 forms of dietary fiber
water soluble- pectins and gums
water insoluble- cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
difference between probiotic and prebiotic
probiotic Is a live organism and probiotics are the food for the live organism
what can fiber prevent
prevents and treats diverticulosis, constipation dan hemorrhoids
pros of dietary fiber
increases water in gut
decreases blood lipids and cholesterol
carcinogens
creates a slow rate of glucose absorption
cons to dietary fiber
concern with ionic charges of fiber binding to vit. and minerals
increase fiber= increase in H2O consumption
can cause boating if no water
too much too fast= diarrhea
function of carbohydrates
- energy-primary func.
- Regulation- glucose
- structural- glucose excess as fat
- production- lactose in milk, glycogen in tissue
decrease in muscle glycogen
no glycogen=
increases lactic acid
what do you need to breakdown glycogen
energy- ATP
Rate of starch digestion is dependent on
fingerprint matrix
particle size
breaking pericarp
what is a pig starter
surcase
relationship between lactase and sucrase
as lactose decreases with age, sucrase increases
rate if cellulose digestion is dependent on
maturity, amount of lignin, mastication, other nutrients
what affects passive transport
high concentration gradient
Factors affecting Glucose Absorption
- reduced by short-term fasting
- increased by chronic restriction of food intake
- Endocrine connections- decrease absorption
what happens if you remove the thyroid
controls metabolism
removing of ovaries
increasing androgens
remove adrenal gland
adrenaline and cortisol
why does the body want/need glucose
blood sugar
what hormones control homeostasis
insulin and glucagon
common issues with blood glucose
diabetes, hypoglycemia
early signs of diabetes in dogs
excessive urination excessive thirst hunger weight loss with normal app elevated blood glucose glucose in the urine
fly disease
large quantities of glucose in urine, can be an indication of diabetes
ketoacidosis
breakdown in the liver of fat to ketones in response to starvation
ketoacidosis result
depression, vomiting, collapse, come, death
glycogenesis
blood glucose to glycogen
glycogenolysis
glycogen to glucose
glycolysis
breakdown sugars to pyruvate and energy EM pathway
gluconeogenesis
make glucose from lipid and non-CHO sources
high blood glucose is from
insulin from beta cells, targets liver, skeletal and fat tissues
Beta cells
absorb glucose from blood , lower blood glucose to homeostasis
low blood glucose is from
glucagon from alpha cells, that targets liver
alpha cells
liver releases glycogen to glucose or gluconeogenesis
impact- increase blood glucose to homeostasis
glucokinase
rate limiting enzyme for glycolytic pathway
function of insulin
inhibit glycogenolysis
inhibit gluconeogenesis
stimulate glycolysis
Lowers blood glucose
function of glucagon
enhance glycogenolysis
enhance glycogenesis
inhibit glycolysis
increase blood glucose
function of epinephrine
stimulate glycogenolysis
increase blood glucose
how to control blood sugar levels
- exercise regularly
- control “strach-based” carb intake
- increase dietary fiber
- drink water
- implement portion control
- foods low glycemic index
- control stress
controlling blood sugar cont.
- monitor sugar levels
- Quality sleep
- eat foods high in Cr. Mg
- apple cider vinegar
- cinnamon extract
- Berberine
- Fenugreek seeds
- lose weight
where does the Krebs cycle occur
in the mitochondria
