Carbohydrates function/digestion/fermentation/ and transport

Question 1

If fructose or any other dissacharide were
Given IV to a hypoglycemic pig, would that
Alleviate the hypoglycemic condition?

Answer 1

no it would not, if anything it would make it worse as the fructose cannot be broken down

Question 2

functions of carbohydrates

Answer 2

energy, regulation, structural, production

Question 3

what is affected by age and decreases in piglets at around 5 weeks?

Answer 3

lactose

Question 4

what starts increasing with age, and is loved but the piglets?

Answer 4

sucrose

Question 5

2 forms of dietary fiber

Answer 5

water soluble- pectins and gums

water insoluble- cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

Question 6

difference between probiotic and prebiotic

Answer 6

probiotic Is a live organism and probiotics are the food for the live organism

Question 7

what can fiber prevent

Answer 7

prevents and treats diverticulosis, constipation dan hemorrhoids

Question 8

pros of dietary fiber

Answer 8

increases water in gut
decreases blood lipids and cholesterol
carcinogens
creates a slow rate of glucose absorption

Question 9

cons to dietary fiber

Answer 9

concern with ionic charges of fiber binding to vit. and minerals
increase fiber= increase in H2O consumption
can cause boating if no water
too much too fast= diarrhea

Question 10

function of carbohydrates

Answer 10

1. energy-primary func.
2. Regulation- glucose
3. structural- glucose excess as fat
4. production- lactose in milk, glycogen in tissue

Question 11

decrease in muscle glycogen

no glycogen=

Answer 11

increases lactic acid

Question 12

what do you need to breakdown glycogen

Answer 12

energy- ATP

Question 13

Rate of starch digestion is dependent on

Answer 13

fingerprint matrix
particle size
breaking pericarp

Question 14

what is a pig starter

Answer 14

surcase

Question 15

relationship between lactase and sucrase

Answer 15

as lactose decreases with age, sucrase increases

Question 16

rate if cellulose digestion is dependent on

Answer 16

maturity, amount of lignin, mastication, other nutrients

Question 17

what affects passive transport

Answer 17

high concentration gradient

Question 18

Factors affecting Glucose Absorption

Answer 18

1. reduced by short-term fasting
2. increased by chronic restriction of food intake
3. Endocrine connections- decrease absorption

Question 19

what happens if you remove the thyroid

Answer 19

controls metabolism

Question 20

removing of ovaries

Answer 20

increasing androgens

Question 21

remove adrenal gland

Answer 21

adrenaline and cortisol

Question 22

why does the body want/need glucose

Answer 22

blood sugar

Question 23

what hormones control homeostasis

Answer 23

insulin and glucagon

Question 24

common issues with blood glucose

Answer 24

diabetes, hypoglycemia

Question 25

early signs of diabetes in dogs

Answer 25

excessive urination
excessive thirst
hunger
weight loss with normal app
elevated blood glucose 
glucose in the urine

Question 26

fly disease

Answer 26

large quantities of glucose in urine, can be an indication of diabetes

Question 27

ketoacidosis

Answer 27

breakdown in the liver of fat to ketones in response to starvation

Question 28

ketoacidosis result

Answer 28

depression, vomiting, collapse, come, death

Question 29

glycogenesis

Answer 29

blood glucose to glycogen

Question 30

glycogenolysis

Answer 30

glycogen to glucose

Question 31

glycolysis

Answer 31

breakdown sugars to pyruvate and energy EM pathway

Question 32

gluconeogenesis

Answer 32

make glucose from lipid and non-CHO sources

Question 33

high blood glucose is from

Answer 33

insulin from beta cells, targets liver, skeletal and fat tissues

Question 34

Beta cells

Answer 34

absorb glucose from blood , lower blood glucose to homeostasis

Question 35

low blood glucose is from

Answer 35

glucagon from alpha cells, that targets liver

Question 36

alpha cells

Answer 36

liver releases glycogen to glucose or gluconeogenesis

impact- increase blood glucose to homeostasis

Question 37

glucokinase

Answer 37

rate limiting enzyme for glycolytic pathway

Question 38

function of insulin

Answer 38

inhibit glycogenolysis
inhibit gluconeogenesis
stimulate glycolysis
Lowers blood glucose

Question 39

function of glucagon

Answer 39

enhance glycogenolysis
enhance glycogenesis
inhibit glycolysis
increase blood glucose

Question 40

function of epinephrine

Answer 40

stimulate glycogenolysis

increase blood glucose

Question 41

how to control blood sugar levels

Answer 41

1. exercise regularly
2. control “strach-based” carb intake
3. increase dietary fiber
4. drink water
5. implement portion control
6. foods low glycemic index
7. control stress

Question 42

controlling blood sugar cont.

Answer 42

8. monitor sugar levels
9. Quality sleep
10. eat foods high in Cr. Mg
11. apple cider vinegar
12. cinnamon extract
13. Berberine
14. Fenugreek seeds
15. lose weight

Question 43

where does the Krebs cycle occur

Answer 43

in the mitochondria