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Animal Nutrition 314 > esophagus/gastric stomach/ ruminant stomach > Flashcards

esophagus/gastric stomach/ ruminant stomach Flashcards

1
Q

parts of ruminant stomach

A

reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

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2
Q

main amino acid source for ruminants

A

microbial fauna

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3
Q

difference between fermination and digestion?

A

fermentation occurs with bugs

digestion is used to reduce food to molecular size or solubility that will allow for absorption

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4
Q

rumensin is used for?

A

creates shift in ion transfer across cell membranes- takes energy, enhances gram negative bacteria
helps reduce acidosis

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5
Q

how to you manage feeding a ruminant

A

you take into consideration the change in bugs

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6
Q

what do microbes need ?

A

nitrogen

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7
Q

microbes become what?

A

amino acids/ proteins

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8
Q

what is used to release gasses from an animal that has bloat?

A

trochar

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9
Q

levels of rumen

A

bottom- grain and yesterdays hay
middle- todays hay
top- gases

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10
Q

reasons for esophageal groove

A
  1. Nurse milk- suckling and casein stimulate
  2. go directly to omasum- abomasum
    3.form a clot in 10 min
    4.lactose digested quickly
    5 casein and fat digest and absorb more slowly 12-18 hrs
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11
Q

what helps form a clot in the stomach of a calf when suckling?

A

rennin and pepsin

HCl

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12
Q

casein

A

milk protein

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13
Q

rennin

A

chymosin

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14
Q

reason for esophageal groove

A

development of the stomach

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15
Q

within feedstuff is forage and concentrates, what acids are secreted from them?

A

concentrates- butyric acid and propionic acid

forages- acetic acid

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16
Q

what is Butyrate

A

energy source for rumen wall growth

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17
Q

what are propionate and acetate for

A

energy source for calf growth

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18
Q

Rennin

A

forms a clot, in the calves

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19
Q

Casein

A

milk protein

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20
Q

What would happen if an animal couldnt produce rennin

?

A

They would probably die, milk would squirt out of them

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21
Q

Butyrate

A

energy source for rumen

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22
Q

Propionate and Acetate

A

energy source for calf growth

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23
Q

Acetate, propionate, butyrate

A

short chain fatty acids

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24
Q

Acetate comes from

A

Forages

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25
Butyrate promotes
papillae
26
Abomasum regress as diet changes to:
forages and concentrates
27
BY 2024
We will have slower growing chicken, livestock conservancy facility is responsible for genetics in chickens
28
Placement of stomach tube
make sure it is in stomach and not in the lungs, place it along the black, 3/4 if there is air that means it is in the trachea
29
Avian Esophagus
Crop - temporary food storage: where salivary amylase is
30
Hoatzin "stinkbird"
their crop is where they ferment bees, that is why they smell
31
gastric stomach
same across all animals: hydrochloric acid and Pepcid
32
what is the crop used for
temporary food storage
33
canine stomach
releases pepsin and HCl
34
what is the true stomach in ruminant
abomasum
35
avian gastric stomach
proventriculus then ventriculus
36
cribbing can result in what
stomach ulcers
37
what are enzymes
they are organic catalysts which alter the speed of chemical reactions without being used up or involved in reaction
38
Functions go the Stomach
1. storage 2. mechanical breakdown 3. chemical digestion
39
Peptic body cells
body chief or peptic cells - pepsinogen parietal or oxyntic cells - HCl Mucous Neck Cells - mucous
40
Overview of Gastric stomach Digestion
minimal carbohydrate minimal lipid initiate protein other than water- minimal absorption
41
protein digestion cascade
protein in stomach (stimulate gastrin)-> HCl (decrease pH)-> pepsinogen (precursor) -> pepsin- also autocatalytic
42
synergistic reaction of
microbes and ruminant
43
what do microbes do
labor to ferment food source of protein source of VFA ability to ferment cellulose
44
what does ruminant supply
water warmth grinding of food (cud) anaerobic conditions
45
rumen- reticulum fermentation what happens
1. everything changed by microbes | 2. all enzymes are of microbial origin
46
the 3 short chained fatty acids
acetate, propionate, butyrate
47
microbes need
nitrogen supplemental urea in some diets
48
Body of stomach also called
Peptic or Fundic
49
rumen protozoa swallow and ferments
bacteria, strach granules, some fiber, some lipids | provides 20% of microbial protein
50
Ruminant Gastric Stomach
Abomasum
51
Horse
Stomach
52
what does the rumen bacteria majorly ferment
sugar, strach, fiber, protein
53
Avian gastric stomach =
Proventriculus and then Ventriculus
54
change in diet results in what
change in microbial population
55
Gastric torsion/ Bloat
gas cannot escape, stomach tissue will start to die
56
what does rumen fungi do
important to split open plant fibers to make it easier for bacteria fermentation
57
what happens if you remove the fungi
incomplete fermentation
58
if you prevent eructation what happened and why?
preventing eructationn will result in bloat that leads to death ruminants emit gases that are products of fermentation
59
Cardia Region
Mucous
60
tool used to release gas
trochar
61
inhibits protein in alfalfa that causes frothy bloat
bloat guard/ proloxalene
62
Body chief or peptic cells
pepsinogen
63
cause of hardware disease
metal in stomach compartments
64
Parietal or oxyntic cells
HC
65
how long should the hay be and why
should be 2 inches to create a scratch factor
66
• Mucous Neck Cells
mucous
67
Where HCl and Proteolytic | Digestion Occur
True Gastric Stomach
68
adding 2% of seaweed into ruminant diet can do what?
decreases the amount of gasses emitted
69
what is the cause of gastric dilation and volvulus
the pyloric twisting pinches off the stomach gas, then the stomach bloats unable to release gas results in stomach tissue death from severe bloating
70
Bloat Guard
polaxylin inhibits protein in alfalfa that causes bloat
71
enzymes
``` extremely specific can be used over and over required in small amounts protein in nature require specific conditions for optimum activity ```

Animal Nutrition 314 (12 decks)

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