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Animal Nutrition 314 > esophagus/gastric stomach/ ruminant stomach > Flashcards

esophagus/gastric stomach/ ruminant stomach Flashcards

1
Q

parts of ruminant stomach

A

reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

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2
Q

main amino acid source for ruminants

A

microbial fauna

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3
Q

difference between fermination and digestion?

A

fermentation occurs with bugs

digestion is used to reduce food to molecular size or solubility that will allow for absorption

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4
Q

rumensin is used for?

A

creates shift in ion transfer across cell membranes- takes energy, enhances gram negative bacteria
helps reduce acidosis

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5
Q

how to you manage feeding a ruminant

A

you take into consideration the change in bugs

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6
Q

what do microbes need ?

A

nitrogen

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7
Q

microbes become what?

A

amino acids/ proteins

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8
Q

what is used to release gasses from an animal that has bloat?

A

trochar

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9
Q

levels of rumen

A

bottom- grain and yesterdays hay
middle- todays hay
top- gases

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10
Q

reasons for esophageal groove

A
  1. Nurse milk- suckling and casein stimulate
  2. go directly to omasum- abomasum
    3.form a clot in 10 min
    4.lactose digested quickly
    5 casein and fat digest and absorb more slowly 12-18 hrs
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11
Q

what helps form a clot in the stomach of a calf when suckling?

A

rennin and pepsin

HCl

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12
Q

casein

A

milk protein

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13
Q

rennin

A

chymosin

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14
Q

reason for esophageal groove

A

development of the stomach

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15
Q

within feedstuff is forage and concentrates, what acids are secreted from them?

A

concentrates- butyric acid and propionic acid

forages- acetic acid

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16
Q

what is Butyrate

A

energy source for rumen wall growth

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17
Q

what are propionate and acetate for

A

energy source for calf growth

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18
Q

Rennin

A

forms a clot, in the calves

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19
Q

Casein

A

milk protein

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20
Q

What would happen if an animal couldnt produce rennin

?

A

They would probably die, milk would squirt out of them

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21
Q

Butyrate

A

energy source for rumen

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22
Q

Propionate and Acetate

A

energy source for calf growth

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23
Q

Acetate, propionate, butyrate

A

short chain fatty acids

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24
Q

Acetate comes from

A

Forages

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25
Q

Butyrate promotes

A

papillae

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26
Q

Abomasum regress as diet changes to:

A

forages and concentrates

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27
Q

BY 2024

A

We will have slower growing chicken, livestock conservancy facility is responsible for genetics in chickens

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28
Q

Placement of stomach tube

A

make sure it is in stomach and not in the lungs, place it along the black, 3/4 if there is air that means it is in the trachea

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29
Q

Avian Esophagus

A

Crop - temporary food storage: where salivary amylase is

30
Q

Hoatzin “stinkbird”

A

their crop is where they ferment bees, that is why they smell

31
Q

gastric stomach

A

same across all animals: hydrochloric acid and Pepcid

32
Q

what is the crop used for

A

temporary food storage

33
Q

canine stomach

A

releases pepsin and HCl

34
Q

what is the true stomach in ruminant

A

abomasum

35
Q

avian gastric stomach

A

proventriculus then ventriculus

36
Q

cribbing can result in what

A

stomach ulcers

37
Q

what are enzymes

A

they are organic catalysts which alter the speed of chemical reactions without being used up or involved in reaction

38
Q

Functions go the Stomach

A
  1. storage
  2. mechanical breakdown
  3. chemical digestion
39
Q

Peptic body cells

A

body chief or peptic cells - pepsinogen
parietal or oxyntic cells - HCl
Mucous Neck Cells - mucous

40
Q

Overview of Gastric stomach Digestion

A

minimal carbohydrate
minimal lipid
initiate protein
other than water- minimal absorption

41
Q

protein digestion cascade

A

protein in stomach (stimulate gastrin)-> HCl (decrease pH)-> pepsinogen (precursor) -> pepsin- also autocatalytic

42
Q

synergistic reaction of

A

microbes and ruminant

43
Q

what do microbes do

A

labor to ferment food
source of protein
source of VFA
ability to ferment cellulose

44
Q

what does ruminant supply

A

water
warmth
grinding of food (cud)
anaerobic conditions

45
Q

rumen- reticulum fermentation what happens

A
  1. everything changed by microbes

2. all enzymes are of microbial origin

46
Q

the 3 short chained fatty acids

A

acetate, propionate, butyrate

47
Q

microbes need

A

nitrogen supplemental urea in some diets

48
Q

Body of stomach also called

A

Peptic or Fundic

49
Q

rumen protozoa swallow and ferments

A

bacteria, strach granules, some fiber, some lipids

provides 20% of microbial protein

50
Q

Ruminant Gastric Stomach

A

Abomasum

51
Q

Horse

A

Stomach

52
Q

what does the rumen bacteria majorly ferment

A

sugar, strach, fiber, protein

53
Q

Avian gastric stomach =

A

Proventriculus and then Ventriculus

54
Q

change in diet results in what

A

change in microbial population

55
Q

Gastric torsion/ Bloat

A

gas cannot escape, stomach tissue will start to die

56
Q

what does rumen fungi do

A

important to split open plant fibers to make it easier for bacteria fermentation

57
Q

what happens if you remove the fungi

A

incomplete fermentation

58
Q

if you prevent eructation what happened and why?

A

preventing eructationn will result in bloat that leads to death
ruminants emit gases that are products of fermentation

59
Q

Cardia Region

A

Mucous

60
Q

tool used to release gas

A

trochar

61
Q

inhibits protein in alfalfa that causes frothy bloat

A

bloat guard/ proloxalene

62
Q

Body chief or peptic cells

A

pepsinogen

63
Q

cause of hardware disease

A

metal in stomach compartments

64
Q

Parietal or oxyntic cells

A

HC

65
Q

how long should the hay be and why

A

should be 2 inches to create a scratch factor

66
Q

• Mucous Neck Cells

A

mucous

67
Q

Where HCl and Proteolytic

Digestion Occur

A

True Gastric Stomach

68
Q

adding 2% of seaweed into ruminant diet can do what?

A

decreases the amount of gasses emitted

69
Q

what is the cause of gastric dilation and volvulus

A

the pyloric twisting pinches off the stomach gas, then the stomach bloats unable to release gas
results in stomach tissue death from severe bloating

70
Q

Bloat Guard

A

polaxylin inhibits protein in alfalfa that causes bloat

71
Q

enzymes

A 
extremely specific
can be used over and over 
required in small amounts 
protein in nature 
require specific conditions for optimum activity

Animal Nutrition 314 (12 decks)

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