HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Helper-T CD4 Cells

A

Required for an effective immune response

Antibody production by B cells

Promote DTH

Activation of cytolytic T cells

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2
Q

Role of Helper-T CD4 cells in HIV

A
  • The main action of the HIV virus is to target and destroy CD4 t cells in order to replicate
  • due to this action, a decrease in CD4 t cells can be seen in those who are infected with the HIV virus
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3
Q

Testing for HIV

A
  • low CD4 counts

- Viral load (plasma HIV RNA)

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4
Q

Goals of HIV treatment

A
  • suppress the virus for better quality of life
  • restore immunologic function and preserve it
  • Suppress HIV viral load
  • prevent transmission of HIV
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5
Q

Reasons to initiate HIV treatment

A
  • increase quality of life
  • restore immune functions
  • prevent transmission
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6
Q

Classifications of Antiretrovirals

A
  • Drugs that inhibit enzymes for HIV (reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Integrase strand trasfer inhibitors, & protease inhbitors)
  • drugs that block viral entry into cells (fusion inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists)
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7
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

A
  • inhibits HIV replication by suppressing synthesis of Viral DNA
  • adverse effects include anemia/neutropenia, Lactic acidosis/hepatic steatosis, GI effects, and CNS reactions
  • commonly used in combination with INSTIs, PIs, FIs, and NNRTIs
  • Prototype drug: Zidovudine
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8
Q

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

A
  • bind to the active center of reverse transcriptase and cause direct inhibiton
  • Efavirenz is the prototype and only NNRTI recommended for first-line therapy for HIV infection
  • commonly used with NRTIs
  • adverse effects include transient adverse CNS effects, RASHES, and teratogenicity (dont use during first trimester)
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9
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A
  • among most effective antiretroviral drugs available
  • commonly used in combinations with NRTIs
  • can interact with drugs that effect P450, and herbs
  • adverse effects include diabetes, hyperlipidemia, reduced bone density, increased bleeding, and elevation of serum transaminase
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10
Q

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)

A
  • Only member of this class is Raltegravir
  • used in combination with NRTIs
  • adverse side effects include insomnia, headach, and hypersensativity reactions
  • DO NOT USE IN PREGNANCY
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11
Q

Fusion Inhibitors (FIs)

A
  • only one (Enfuvirtide)
  • blocks entry of HIV into CD4 cells
  • adverse effects include injection site reactions, pneumonia, and hypersensitivity
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12
Q

Administration of Antiretrovirals

A
  • NEVER use just one
  • generally not recommended to administer just one drug
  • Typically a treatment consists of 3 drugs
  • common combinations include 1 NNRTI and 2 NRTIs, 1 PI and 2 NRTIs, and 1 INSTI and 2 NRTIs
  • only use NRTIs and certain NNRTIs in pregnant women
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