HIV Flashcards
1
Q
Helper-T CD4 Cells
A
Required for an effective immune response
Antibody production by B cells
Promote DTH
Activation of cytolytic T cells
2
Q
Role of Helper-T CD4 cells in HIV
A
- The main action of the HIV virus is to target and destroy CD4 t cells in order to replicate
- due to this action, a decrease in CD4 t cells can be seen in those who are infected with the HIV virus
3
Q
Testing for HIV
A
- low CD4 counts
- Viral load (plasma HIV RNA)
4
Q
Goals of HIV treatment
A
- suppress the virus for better quality of life
- restore immunologic function and preserve it
- Suppress HIV viral load
- prevent transmission of HIV
5
Q
Reasons to initiate HIV treatment
A
- increase quality of life
- restore immune functions
- prevent transmission
6
Q
Classifications of Antiretrovirals
A
- Drugs that inhibit enzymes for HIV (reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Integrase strand trasfer inhibitors, & protease inhbitors)
- drugs that block viral entry into cells (fusion inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists)
7
Q
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
A
- inhibits HIV replication by suppressing synthesis of Viral DNA
- adverse effects include anemia/neutropenia, Lactic acidosis/hepatic steatosis, GI effects, and CNS reactions
- commonly used in combination with INSTIs, PIs, FIs, and NNRTIs
- Prototype drug: Zidovudine
8
Q
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
A
- bind to the active center of reverse transcriptase and cause direct inhibiton
- Efavirenz is the prototype and only NNRTI recommended for first-line therapy for HIV infection
- commonly used with NRTIs
- adverse effects include transient adverse CNS effects, RASHES, and teratogenicity (dont use during first trimester)
9
Q
Protease Inhibitors
A
- among most effective antiretroviral drugs available
- commonly used in combinations with NRTIs
- can interact with drugs that effect P450, and herbs
- adverse effects include diabetes, hyperlipidemia, reduced bone density, increased bleeding, and elevation of serum transaminase
10
Q
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)
A
- Only member of this class is Raltegravir
- used in combination with NRTIs
- adverse side effects include insomnia, headach, and hypersensativity reactions
- DO NOT USE IN PREGNANCY
11
Q
Fusion Inhibitors (FIs)
A
- only one (Enfuvirtide)
- blocks entry of HIV into CD4 cells
- adverse effects include injection site reactions, pneumonia, and hypersensitivity
12
Q
Administration of Antiretrovirals
A
- NEVER use just one
- generally not recommended to administer just one drug
- Typically a treatment consists of 3 drugs
- common combinations include 1 NNRTI and 2 NRTIs, 1 PI and 2 NRTIs, and 1 INSTI and 2 NRTIs
- only use NRTIs and certain NNRTIs in pregnant women