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history-WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes of WW1

A 
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism 
Imperialism
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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2
Q

MANIA:

Imperialism

A

Countries competed with each other to gain more colonies, resources, and markets than one another ->deepens sense of rivalry

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3
Q

MANIA:

Nationalism

A

Leads to intense competition between nations
Develops mistrust for one another
Desire to join with those of similar nationality

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4
Q

MANIA:

Militarism

A

Nations wanted to be stronger than potential enemies
believe that their national security depended on the technology school and readiness of their military forces
each nations actions caused a reaction in the other nations
Arms race

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5
Q

MANIA:

Alliances

A

When one member of an alliance it goes toward the others will follow
Conflict between any two members of opposing alliance groups could draw in all the other members of the alliances

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6
Q

2 main rival alliances in Europe before ww1

A 
Triple Entente (Britain France Russia)
Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary)
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7
Q

Two main alliances during ww1

A 
Allied powers (Britain, France ,Russia, Italy, Serbia, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Montenegro, USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Belgium)
Central powers (Germany, Austria-hungry, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria)
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8
Q

MANIA:

Assasination

A

The spark - assasination of archduke

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9
Q

Explain the conflict over Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Austria took over Bosnia, but Bosnia was the Slavic speaking region and Serbia wanted to join with it

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10
Q

Explain the assassination of Archduke Frans Ferdinand

A

Friends Ferdinand is visiting Bosnia Herzegovina and is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip - member of Serbian nationalist group The Black Hand

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11
Q

The steps that lead to the outbreak of war

A

Friends Ferdinand was assassinated ->Austria presents Serbia with an ultimatum, backed by germany->Serbia accepts most, but not all, of Austrias demands->Austria declares war on Serbia->Russian troops mobilize to Austrian border (“just a precaution”) ->Germany declares war on russia->Germany demands France stay neutral , but France backs its ally Russia ->Germany declare war on France -> Germany invades Belgium on its way to France ->Great Britain (protecting belgium) declares war on Germany

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12
Q

What was germanys main problem

A

Two front War (eastern front - Russia, western front - France )

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13
Q

What was the solution to the two front war

A

The Schlieffen plan

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14
Q

Explain the Schlieffen plan

A

Russia will be slow to mobilize->defeat France on western front in six weeks, then turn to eastern front and defeat Russia

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15
Q

Problems with Schlieffen Plan

A
  1. Belgium was heavily fortified-> Took longer to get to France
  2. Stronger resistance in France then expected
  3. Russian troops mobilized far more quickly
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16
Q

What did the Germans do when realizing the Schlieffen Plan won’t work

A

Retreat from France , split army between both fronts

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17
Q

What brought Austria-Hungary into the war

A

Declared war on Serbia when Serbia didn’t accept unreasonable ultimatum for assassinating Franz Ferdinand (wanted an excuse to declare war on them)

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18
Q

What brought Germany into the war

A

Stood by ally, Austria-Hungary

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19
Q

What brought Serbia into the war

A

Attacked by Austria-Hungary

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20
Q

What brought Russia into the war

A

Wanted to defend Slavic peoples in Serbia

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21
Q

What brought France into the war

A

Backed ally Russia

Wanted revenge on Germany for Franco-Prussian war->this would be perfect time bc France was not alone and had help

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22
Q

What brought Belgium into the war

A

Invaded by Germany

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23
Q

What brought Britain into the war

A

Outraged by invasion of Belgium

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24
Q 
Battle of the Marne
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

In France
Between France and Germany
France pushes German back 50 miles away from Paris; German general tells soldiers to dig trenches
Boosted French spirits; Germany’s abandonment of Schlieffen plan; neither side could easily defeat the other; beginning of trench warfare

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25
Q 
Battle of Tannenburg
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

Present day Poland
Russia v. Germany
Germans encircle and destroy Russians
Russia never fully recovers from this defeat; The first battle

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26
Q 
Battle of Ypres 
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

In Ypres, Belgium
Britain/Belgium v. Germany
High casualties on both sides; no breakthroughs; stalemate
Warring nations begin to adjust their plans; poison gas introduced

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27
Q 
Battle of Verdun
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

In Verdun, France
France v. Germany
German surprise attack but French held firm for six months, Germany abandoned
Bloodiest battle of the war

28
Q 
Battle of the Somme
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

Somme river valley in France
Britain v. Germany
Lots of casualties
British introduce the tank; inconclusive and bloody

29
Q 
Battle of Gallipoli
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

Peninsula of Gallipoli
Allies (Australians) v. Turks
Allies try to take the Dardanelles Strait from turks -> trying to get supplies to Russia -> Turks defeat them

30
Q 
Battle of Jutland
Location
Between whom
What happened 
Significance
A

At sea near Denmark
Britain v. Germany
Both sides claimed victory, but British still left in the control of the seas, German still blocked by British blockade
Only major battle between British and German fleets; unrestricted submarine warfare begins

31
Q

Trench warfare

A

Know the parts, problems, etc

32
Q

New weapons/technology used during ww1

A

Bolt action rifle, machine gun, artillery fire, flame thrower, poison gas, barbed wire, wireless radio, Zepplin, airplane, tank, submarine

33
Q

Germanys leader

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

34
Q

Emperor of Austria-Hungary

A

Franz Joseph

35
Q

Prime minister of Great Britain

A

David Lloyd George

36
Q

Prime minister of France

A

Georges Clemenceau

37
Q

Prime minister of Italy

A

Vittorio Orlando

38
Q

Tsar of Russia

A

Nicholas II

39
Q

President of United States

A

Woodrow Wilson

40
Q

Propaganda

A

Using the truth or lies to Intentionally try to get people to think, feel, or do something

41
Q

Six purposes of propaganda in ww1

A
  1. to keep morale up at the homefront and encourage people to give their time and money to the war effort
  2. to portray their enemy as an evil that needs to be fought
  3. to recruit more soldiers
  4. To stop information from being published which might help the enemy
  5. To psychologically dishearten the enemy troops
  6. To give civilians of government-approved version of the war
42
Q

Total war

A

All of the nations resources are channeled into the war effort

43
Q

Why did Germany introduce submarine warfare

A

To wear down British sea power -> British blockade prevented any supplies from getting into Germany -> German u-boats threatened to sink British ships in response

44
Q

Lusitania

A

A British passenger ship that Germans sunk

45
Q

Effect of sinking the Lusitania

A

Woodrow Wilson threatened to cut off diplomatic relations with Germany is they didn’t stop unrestricted submarine war fare

46
Q

Unrestricted submarine warfare

A

Germany was attacking any ship (passenger and freight too) with no limitations

47
Q

What was the German response to Woodrow Wilson’s threat

A

Ending unrestricted submarine warfare for now

48
Q

Why did the US enter the war (3 causes)

A
  1. Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare
  2. Zimmerman telegram
  3. Germany sank 4 American passenger ships
49
Q

Why did Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare

A

They were desperate to break the stalemate because they couldn’t break through the British blockade-> thought that if they killed passengers, Britain would drop out

50
Q

Zimmerman note/telegram

A

From Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to fight US and keep them busy while Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare -> in return, Germany will give Mexico some of the US
British intercept this telegram and publish it to tell US-> all Americans hate Germany now, no more split opinion

51
Q

Why did Russia drop out of the war

A

War was unpopular with Russian people; food fuel and munitions shortages; devastating casualties

52
Q

define armistice

A

Agreement to stop fighting

53
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

After signing armistice with Germany , Russia signs this treaty with Germany
Loses western territory and 1/3 of pop
BECOMES ONE FROMT WAR FOR GERMANY

54
Q

What turns the tide of the war

A

US entered the war

55
Q

How did the US is entrance into the war help the allies

A

Boosted allied Morale

Gave the allies much-needed industrial and human resources

56
Q

What side of the war did the US enter on

A

The allies

57
Q

How did the war end

A

Allies defeat Germany in the last battle, Germany realize they could not win, German Kaiser abdicates and armistice was signed

58
Q

Effects of ww1

A

Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, German empires end
Boundaries had to be read drawn in various parts of the world
Increased political and social stability
Human misery had become common
Millions of ppl dead or wounded

59
Q

Paris peace conference

A

Delegates from 27 countries me to work out separate peace treaties
Central Powers and Russia not invited-> make them both extremely angry

60
Q

Big four of Paris peace conference

A

US, France, Britain, Italy

Realistically only “big three” (no italy)

61
Q

Fourteen points

A

Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan

62
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Allied peace treaty with Germany
Disarmament (reduce Germany’s army , ban conscription, ban manufacturing of major war weapons)
Germany must return Alsace-Lorraine
France would control rich Saar Basin for 15 yrs
Demilitarized Rhineland
Renounce treaty of Brest-Litovsk ->punish Russia
Reestablish poland / polish corridor
Germany lost overseas colonies to the allies
Germany must accept blame for war
Germany must pay $2.7 trillion in reparations (modern day money)

63
Q

New nations formed out of ww1

A 
Poland 
Finland
Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania
Ireland
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
Turkey 
Hungary
64
Q

League of Nations

A

Formed out of Fourteen Points

65
Q

Mandate

A

A member of the League of Nations gets authorization to govern a former German or Turkish colony

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