history-WW1 Flashcards
Causes of WW1
Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
MANIA:
Imperialism
Countries competed with each other to gain more colonies, resources, and markets than one another ->deepens sense of rivalry
MANIA:
Nationalism
Leads to intense competition between nations
Develops mistrust for one another
Desire to join with those of similar nationality
MANIA:
Militarism
Nations wanted to be stronger than potential enemies
believe that their national security depended on the technology school and readiness of their military forces
each nations actions caused a reaction in the other nations
Arms race
MANIA:
Alliances
When one member of an alliance it goes toward the others will follow
Conflict between any two members of opposing alliance groups could draw in all the other members of the alliances
2 main rival alliances in Europe before ww1
Triple Entente (Britain France Russia) Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary)
Two main alliances during ww1
Allied powers (Britain, France ,Russia, Italy, Serbia, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Montenegro, USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Belgium) Central powers (Germany, Austria-hungry, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria)
MANIA:
Assasination
The spark - assasination of archduke
Explain the conflict over Bosnia-Herzegovina
Austria took over Bosnia, but Bosnia was the Slavic speaking region and Serbia wanted to join with it
Explain the assassination of Archduke Frans Ferdinand
Friends Ferdinand is visiting Bosnia Herzegovina and is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip - member of Serbian nationalist group The Black Hand
The steps that lead to the outbreak of war
Friends Ferdinand was assassinated ->Austria presents Serbia with an ultimatum, backed by germany->Serbia accepts most, but not all, of Austrias demands->Austria declares war on Serbia->Russian troops mobilize to Austrian border (“just a precaution”) ->Germany declares war on russia->Germany demands France stay neutral , but France backs its ally Russia ->Germany declare war on France -> Germany invades Belgium on its way to France ->Great Britain (protecting belgium) declares war on Germany
What was germanys main problem
Two front War (eastern front - Russia, western front - France )
What was the solution to the two front war
The Schlieffen plan
Explain the Schlieffen plan
Russia will be slow to mobilize->defeat France on western front in six weeks, then turn to eastern front and defeat Russia
Problems with Schlieffen Plan
- Belgium was heavily fortified-> Took longer to get to France
- Stronger resistance in France then expected
- Russian troops mobilized far more quickly
What did the Germans do when realizing the Schlieffen Plan won’t work
Retreat from France , split army between both fronts
What brought Austria-Hungary into the war
Declared war on Serbia when Serbia didn’t accept unreasonable ultimatum for assassinating Franz Ferdinand (wanted an excuse to declare war on them)
What brought Germany into the war
Stood by ally, Austria-Hungary
What brought Serbia into the war
Attacked by Austria-Hungary
What brought Russia into the war
Wanted to defend Slavic peoples in Serbia
What brought France into the war
Backed ally Russia
Wanted revenge on Germany for Franco-Prussian war->this would be perfect time bc France was not alone and had help
What brought Belgium into the war
Invaded by Germany
What brought Britain into the war
Outraged by invasion of Belgium
Battle of the Marne Location Between whom What happened Significance
In France
Between France and Germany
France pushes German back 50 miles away from Paris; German general tells soldiers to dig trenches
Boosted French spirits; Germany’s abandonment of Schlieffen plan; neither side could easily defeat the other; beginning of trench warfare
Battle of Tannenburg Location Between whom What happened Significance
Present day Poland
Russia v. Germany
Germans encircle and destroy Russians
Russia never fully recovers from this defeat; The first battle
Battle of Ypres Location Between whom What happened Significance
In Ypres, Belgium
Britain/Belgium v. Germany
High casualties on both sides; no breakthroughs; stalemate
Warring nations begin to adjust their plans; poison gas introduced
Battle of Verdun Location Between whom What happened Significance
In Verdun, France
France v. Germany
German surprise attack but French held firm for six months, Germany abandoned
Bloodiest battle of the war
Battle of the Somme Location Between whom What happened Significance
Somme river valley in France
Britain v. Germany
Lots of casualties
British introduce the tank; inconclusive and bloody
Battle of Gallipoli Location Between whom What happened Significance
Peninsula of Gallipoli
Allies (Australians) v. Turks
Allies try to take the Dardanelles Strait from turks -> trying to get supplies to Russia -> Turks defeat them
Battle of Jutland Location Between whom What happened Significance
At sea near Denmark
Britain v. Germany
Both sides claimed victory, but British still left in the control of the seas, German still blocked by British blockade
Only major battle between British and German fleets; unrestricted submarine warfare begins
Trench warfare
Know the parts, problems, etc
New weapons/technology used during ww1
Bolt action rifle, machine gun, artillery fire, flame thrower, poison gas, barbed wire, wireless radio, Zepplin, airplane, tank, submarine
Germanys leader
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Franz Joseph
Prime minister of Great Britain
David Lloyd George
Prime minister of France
Georges Clemenceau
Prime minister of Italy
Vittorio Orlando
Tsar of Russia
Nicholas II
President of United States
Woodrow Wilson
Propaganda
Using the truth or lies to Intentionally try to get people to think, feel, or do something
Six purposes of propaganda in ww1
- to keep morale up at the homefront and encourage people to give their time and money to the war effort
- to portray their enemy as an evil that needs to be fought
- to recruit more soldiers
- To stop information from being published which might help the enemy
- To psychologically dishearten the enemy troops
- To give civilians of government-approved version of the war
Total war
All of the nations resources are channeled into the war effort
Why did Germany introduce submarine warfare
To wear down British sea power -> British blockade prevented any supplies from getting into Germany -> German u-boats threatened to sink British ships in response
Lusitania
A British passenger ship that Germans sunk
Effect of sinking the Lusitania
Woodrow Wilson threatened to cut off diplomatic relations with Germany is they didn’t stop unrestricted submarine war fare
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany was attacking any ship (passenger and freight too) with no limitations
What was the German response to Woodrow Wilson’s threat
Ending unrestricted submarine warfare for now
Why did the US enter the war (3 causes)
- Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare
- Zimmerman telegram
- Germany sank 4 American passenger ships
Why did Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare
They were desperate to break the stalemate because they couldn’t break through the British blockade-> thought that if they killed passengers, Britain would drop out
Zimmerman note/telegram
From Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to fight US and keep them busy while Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare -> in return, Germany will give Mexico some of the US
British intercept this telegram and publish it to tell US-> all Americans hate Germany now, no more split opinion
Why did Russia drop out of the war
War was unpopular with Russian people; food fuel and munitions shortages; devastating casualties
define armistice
Agreement to stop fighting
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
After signing armistice with Germany , Russia signs this treaty with Germany
Loses western territory and 1/3 of pop
BECOMES ONE FROMT WAR FOR GERMANY
What turns the tide of the war
US entered the war
How did the US is entrance into the war help the allies
Boosted allied Morale
Gave the allies much-needed industrial and human resources
What side of the war did the US enter on
The allies
How did the war end
Allies defeat Germany in the last battle, Germany realize they could not win, German Kaiser abdicates and armistice was signed
Effects of ww1
Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, German empires end
Boundaries had to be read drawn in various parts of the world
Increased political and social stability
Human misery had become common
Millions of ppl dead or wounded
Paris peace conference
Delegates from 27 countries me to work out separate peace treaties
Central Powers and Russia not invited-> make them both extremely angry
Big four of Paris peace conference
US, France, Britain, Italy
Realistically only “big three” (no italy)
Fourteen points
Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan
Treaty of Versailles
Allied peace treaty with Germany
Disarmament (reduce Germany’s army , ban conscription, ban manufacturing of major war weapons)
Germany must return Alsace-Lorraine
France would control rich Saar Basin for 15 yrs
Demilitarized Rhineland
Renounce treaty of Brest-Litovsk ->punish Russia
Reestablish poland / polish corridor
Germany lost overseas colonies to the allies
Germany must accept blame for war
Germany must pay $2.7 trillion in reparations (modern day money)
New nations formed out of ww1
Poland Finland Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania Ireland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Turkey Hungary
League of Nations
Formed out of Fourteen Points
Mandate
A member of the League of Nations gets authorization to govern a former German or Turkish colony
