history-industrial revolution Flashcards
Effects of industrial revolution
Change in economy and society
Altered the way people lived in every aspect
What is the industrial revolution
The shift from Making goods at home with hand tools to producing goods by using power-driven machines in factories
Where did the IR begin
Bri.tain in 1700s
Agricultural revolution
Changes in farming
Shift to large scale farming
Improvements in farming methods
Enclosure movement
Wealthy landowners buy village land and build fences around them
Large farms made-> small farmers forced out
Contributed to agricultural revolution
Seed drill
What does it do
Who made it
Jethro tull made it
Instead of scattering seeds by hand->plant seeds in specific rows at specific depths
Roll thru making rows and dropping seeds in
Boosts crops
Crop rotation
Prevented exhaustion of nutrients from soil
Give area a break before planting crops again
Livestock breeding
Only allows best animals to breed
Agricultural revolution effects
Higher crops lead to surplus of food
Healthier diets lead to population explosion
Larger farms required fewer workers
Enclosure movement pushed out smaller farmers
Jobless farm workers go to towns and cities in search of work
Why did IR start in Britain?
Large labor supply
Abundant natural resources
Capital to invest in business
Stability
Where does britains large labor supply come from
Farmers that were pushed out by enclosure movement
Improved farming methods = less workers necessary
More food production-> healthier diets-> people live longer
All these people move/live in towns and cities
What natural resources does Britain have
Navigable rivers and canals (provide power and transportation)
Water power (energy source)
Harbors (shipping )
Coal (fuel for factories)
Iron ore (build machines, tools, buildings and make steel)
Why does Britain have good capital to spend on businesses
Good banking system
Stable economy
Entrepreneurs
What kind of stability did Britain have
Politic
Economic
Strong navy
Domestic system
Old way
Where each home makes a different part of the process and a merchant goes between them
Mass production
Produce high quantities of identical goods
Lowered price
Made by fast working machines
Interchangeable parts
Increased factory production
Machine parts were identical and could easily be replaces
In past, handmade products weren’t always the same so if it was broken it was gone
Eli Whitney
Inventor of cotton gin and interchangeable parts
Cotton gin
Separated seeds from raw cotton quickly which increased cotton production
Henry Bessemer
Inventor of the th Bessemer procesa a new process to convert iron into steel because steel was lighter,stronger, durable, and cheaper
James Watt
Steam engine inventor - perfected steam engine , powered by coal, power source for IR
Alexander Graham Bell
Inventor of telephone
Patented telephone
Could finally speak words and hear each other
Thomas Edison
Inventor of incandescent light bulb - cables that carry electric power from dynamo to factory- quickened city life bc factories could stay open after dark
Also one of inventors of phonograph - could reproduce recorded sound - had 2 machines, one recording and one playing back music