history- rise of the dictators Flashcards
Characteristics of a totalitarian state
Ideology Dynamic leader Dictatorship and one-party rule State control of society Modern technology Methods of enforcement State control of individuals
Totalitarianism definition.
A form of government in which the national government takes control of all aspects of both public and private life
Characteristics of a fascist state
Supported by middle class, industrialists, and military Examples: Italy Spain Germany Authoritarianism State over individual Charismatic leader Action oriented Nationalist Racist (nazism) One-party rule Supreme leader Economic functions controlled by state corporations or the state Censorship Indoctrination Secret police
How did nazism sprout from fascism
Nazism + racism = fascism
2 types of totalitarian govts
Fascism and communism
Similarities between fascism and communism
Same control methods: Terror Secret police Censorship Indoctrination,etc
Differences between communism and fascism
Total opposites
Ex:
Fascism = has social classes, communism = classless society
Fascism= people own private property, communism= state owns everything
Conditions in Italy after ww1
Chaos bc of secret deal with allies that eventually backfired
Inspired by Russian revolution
Il Duce
“The boss” in Italian -> Mussolini
How does Italy violate the League of Nations
Italy will invade Ethiopia
What does the League of Nations do when Mussolini violated it
They just condemned the action
Why did Mussolini invade Ethiopia
He told the Italian people it’d bring them riches, but in reality he wanted revenge for the humiliating defeat when it previously tried to conquer and colonize Ethiopia, but was defeated
Why was mussolinis invasion condemned
Because he used poison gas which became illegal after ww1
Treaty of Versailles provisions and how hitler overcame them
Militarize the Rhine land
Trained more than 100,00 soldiers secretly
Weimar Republic
Led by chancellor
Women can vote
Has bill of rights
Conditions in Germany after ww1
Lots of debt and reparations
Numerous political parties
Inflation/ hyperinflation
So much debt -> tried to print more money, but that made the money worthless and more economic problems
Great Depression
Unemployment and stock market crash -> Dawes plan not working bc US can’t give Germany money to pay France
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler’s attempt to take over govt
Mein Kampf
Hitler’s book
Basic book of nazi goals and ideology
Nazism
Fascism and racism
Third Reich
Hitler’s master race of Germans that will dominate Europe for a thousand years
Night of long knives
Hitler’s only purge
Has hundreds of brown shirts shot for gaining considerable power
Brown shirts
Hitler’s private army made of veterans and stree thugs
SS
Elite enforcers
Gestapo
Hitler’s secret police
Lebensraum
Living space for Germans
Anschluss
The union of Austria and Germany
Prohibited by treaty if versailles, hitler does it anyway
Appeasement
Giving into aggressor
Responses of the League of Nations and why thy were like this
They did nothing because they wanted to prevent another war
Munich conference
Germany France Great Britain and Italy met and said that Germany could take Sudetenland as long as he promised not to take rest of Czechoslovakia (Munich agreement)
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
Italy formed an alliance with Germany and Japan
Become axis powers in ww2
What was the nazi-soviet non-aggresssion pact and why was it made
It is made because hitler invades Czechoslovakia and says he will for Poland -> Poland asks Britain and France for help-> Britain and France ask Soviet Union to help and create a two front war-> Soviet Union still salty about ww1 -> Germany and Soviet Union promise not to attack each other
Why did fascism appeal to ppl in Italy and Germany
People feared communism and fascist leaders made it sound like fascism would solve all of their problems
How did Mussolini come to power
He was appointed prime minister of Italy -> didn’t do it violently but will tell ppl he did it by force to make himself sound better
Black shirts
Mussolinis secret police
How did Hitler come to power
Appointed chancellor -> communists begin to get more seats in Reichstag-> at this point Hitler already made people hate communists -> so when he asked them for temporary emergency power they voted yes bc he said they’d need them in case the communists try something-> ppl voted their rights away
Neville Chamberlain
British prime minister
Encouraged appeasement
Winston Churchill
Britains prime minister
Franklin D Roosevelt
President of America at the time
Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Rhineland
Ways Hitler disobeyed treaty of Versailles / Munich agreement / broke the rules
What would lead to the outbreak of ww2
After Poland asks for help from Britain and France , eventually Hitler invades Poland which angers Britain and France (will help Poland)
