History Test3 Dates and Lists

Question 1

Second Great Awakening

Answer 1

1. 100 years later from the 1st great awaking
2. there was not a lot of churches in the frontier, spreads into the frontiers (a lot of people on isolated farms wanted socialization)
   - preachers take turn preaching
   - people camp out for weeks listening and praying
   - Baptist and Methodist benefits the most
3. New groups evolved include:
   - church of Christ
   - Jehovah witness
   - Mormons (not well like because they were different. believed in palimony, moved to Utah)
   - groups who wanted to start over including those waiting for the “coming” (moved out into the middle of no where)
   - Shakers (believed Jesus was coming for them and convince followers to no have sex, they all died out - no children)

Question 2

Reform Movements (most were northerners)

Answer 2

1. temperance (prohibitions): get men to drink less
2. prison reform: departments of corrections tried to repent people
3. Beginning of public schools
4. outlawing prostitution
5. animal welfare
6. women’s rights: in 1820 not allowed in most facilities/ universities/ job professions; could not sign legal documents; abuse was legal; marriage seen as business deal; divorce difficult to get and husband gets children and property
7. Abolition Movement: abolishment of slavery

Question 3

Tippecanoe & Tyler Too

Answer 3

a very popular and influential campaign song of the Whig Party’s colorful Log Cabin Campaign in the 1840. Its lyrics sang the praises of Whig candidates William Henry Harrison (the “hero of Tippecanoe”) and John Tyler, while condensending Democrat Martin Van Buren

Question 4

Manifest Destiny

Answer 4

A moral justification for territorial expansion; its concept ignored the prior claims of Native Americans and Hispanics on western lands as settlers began streaming into the far west

Question 5

54’ 40 or fight

Answer 5

James Polk’s slogan used during the land disagreement with British over Oregon Territory

Question 6

Battle of the Alamo

Answer 6

During the fight for Texas Independence a battle occurred in southern Texas within the walls of an abandoned mission called the Alamo; William Travis let 200 rebels and General Santa Anna arrived with 6,000 men; Lasted for 12 days but Mexican troops finally broke through the walls and won the battle; this battle led to delegates from 59 texas towns signing a declaration of independence and drafting a constitution for the republic of texas

Question 7

Spot Resolutions

Answer 7

The outbreak of war between Mexico and the Union was due to an attack on US soldiers north of Rio Grande; Aberaham Lincoln (a congress man at the time) introduced the “spot resolution” calling on president Polk to identify the spot where American blood had been shed on American soil, implying that US troops may in fact have been in Mexico when fired upon

Question 8

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 8

the treaty that ended the Mexican War signed in Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848; Mexico gave up all claims to Texas above the Rio Grande and ceded California and new Mexico to the US, In exchange for $15million and assume the claims of US citizens against Mexico up to $3.25

Question 9

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 9

Southwestern New Mexico (mexico and arizona) land that was purchased from Mexico for $10million, signed by James Gadsden to build a transcontinental railroad; led to the douglas nebraska proposal

Question 10

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 10

David Wilmot presented this to the House shorty after the Mexican War hoping to prevent slavery in Mexico or in other new territories; the house of Representatives adopted it, but later Polk dismissed it; the idea of Wilmot Proviso continued to come up in Congress for years after

Question 11

Popular Soverignty

Answer 11

Lewis Cass brought up the idea of Popular Sovereignty; new and unorganized territory will become a slave state or free state depending on the popular vote of the resident (they decide)

Question 12

Sutter’s Fort, 49ers

Answer 12

John Sutter built a home for himself by the Sacramento River valley, and encouraged other settlers to join him in his ventures. But things got out of hand for John Sutter when James Marshall discovered his bits of gold in the American River at what was supposed to be Sutter’s sawmill. Soon it was Gold Rush 49ers who were coming, not settlers.

Question 13

Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 13

A law stating that a run away slave must be returned to its owner (became a federal crime in helping or hiding a slave); upset Northerners because they did not like the idea of southerners having people on their land capturing slaves and putting good “slave helpers” in jail

Question 14

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 14

an act that said “maybe” slavery will be allowed in the territory of the Louisiana purchase (popular sovereignty); Steven Douglas (a senate from the north and a democrate) wanted railroads, so he negotiated with the south that he would back up the idea of allowing slavery in these area if they voted for his rail road plan

Question 15

Elections of 1860

Answer 15

1860 most important election:
North democrat: Stephen Douglas
South Democrat: John Breckenridge
Republican: Abe Lincoln
Constitutional Union: John Bell
FACTS:
1. the south did not like Douglas so they created their own convention and nominated Breckenridge
2. the first and only “constitutional union” candidate (middle state torn over slavery)
3. Douglas came in 2nd on Popular Votes but last in electoral votes
4. for the exception of Virginia, Lincoln did not exist on any of the southern Ballots b/c technically the “republican” party exist for them
5. election took place on Nov. 6th 1860 and within a few days everyone knew Lincoln had won
6. He does not come into office until March 4 1861, but within that time South Carolina (dec 24) announces a “declaration of the immediate cause which induce and justify the secession of south Carolina from federal union”
7. 7 states secedes before Lincoln even becomes President

Question 16

Fort Sumter

Answer 16

The spark of the war; fort Sumter (a fort in south N. Carolina refuse to give into the confederate) bombards this fort and finally surrenders after 20 days; Lincoln asks for volunteers and issues and executive order to put down the insurrection
- after the bombardment of Fort Sumter the other 4 states secedes

Question 17

Anaconda Plan

Answer 17

Winfield Scott’s attack plan to win the war (north); they actually have to take over the south, where as the south only had to out last them

1. this involves a blockade of the southern ports and waterway so they could not export or receive anything (esp weapons)
2. then begin cutting the south in half starting with Mississippi, Arkansas (western states from the Mississippi river)
3. he predicted 4 years (accurate) and 2million men (ended up taking 4million men)

Question 18

Southern strategy

Answer 18

1. use mountains as shield and blocking northern transportation
2. On average had better generals:
   - Robert E. Lee
   - Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
   - James Longstreet

Question 19

Significance of rifle in Civil War

Answer 19

1. new rifle - much faster and more accurate
2. Colt revolver - multiple shoots
3. artillery - shoot different ammunition such s shots, shell, shrapnel, canister
4. Gatling gun - came about towards the end of the war; rotate bullets and shot quicky

Question 20

Greenbacks

Answer 20

1. war bonds (both side had these)
2. Printing money caused an inflation because no gold or silver was backing up printed money; started calling money greenbacks

Question 21

Draft Riots

Answer 21

Worst riots in US history: NYC draft riot directed towards poor Irish who could not pay the $300 to avoid fighting became angry and started targeting black people blaming the war on them (burned and killed blacks); 120 blacks killed and 2,000 injured

Question 22

First Battle of Bull Run

Answer 22

1. the first battle (after fort sumter) in Manassas Junction, Virginia
2. Between McDowell (union) and Beauregard (rebel) and reinforcements led by General Joseph Johnston (rebel)
3. The union army frantically retreated and ran the road to Washington DC; the Confederate were about just as disorganized and exhausted that they failed to give chase

Question 23

Monitor and Virginia (Merrimack)

Answer 23

two American warships that fought the first engagement between ironclad ships (both belonged to the at one poin tUnion); Confederates took the Merrimack abandonbed in Norfolk navy yard and renamed it Virginia

Question 24

Antietam

Answer 24

1. Robert E. Lee decideds to go into the north and attack the Union by moving into Maryland and then to Pennsylvania
2. the Union meets them at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland on Sept 17 1862
3. Confederates forced a standoff, but they were out numbered, and the next day slipped south across the Potomac River to Virginia for safety
4. Union General McClellan stayed engaged with the retreating confederates which upset Lincoln and he ends up relieving McClellan of his command of the Army of the Potomac and assigned him to recruiting duty
5. known as the “BLOODIEST DAY” 6,400 soldiers on bothsides were killed

Question 25

Vicksburg

Answer 25

1. Ulysses S. Grant makes his way down the Mississippi River towards Vicksburg (trying to gain control of the Mississippi river and splitting the confederacy in two)
2. He ends up pinning 30thousand confederates inside Vicksburg and decides to wear them down through constant bombardment and starvation (the rebels and city’s inhabitants were trapped, could not escape nor be reinforced or supplied)
3. lasted 47 days before confederate

Question 26

Gettysburg (Pickett’s Charge)

Answer 26

1. Lee again decides to attack the Union in the north in hopes of not just saving Vicksburg, but persuading the north to end the war
2. they stop in Gettysburg Pennsylvania for shoes when they encountered units of the Union cavalry on June 30 1863
3. Battle lasts for 3 days (July 4); on the third day Lee risks it all by having George Pickett’s 13thousand troops march uphill across open ground in hopes of attacking
4. Same day Vicksburg surrenders and the Confederacy was now split in 2
5. Had General Meade pursued Lee, he might have ended the war, but he was too scared
6. Known as the “BLOODIEST BATTLE)

Question 27

Andersonville

Answer 27

1. After Lincoln stops the of exchanging prisoners (due to confederates not treating black soldiers as normal “white soldiers), “prison war camps” are developed
   - the Andersonville Prison in Georgia (south) was one of the worst; 13,000 died (didn’t have the resources to keep prisoners alive; some guards just killed prisoners for fun)
   2.

Question 28

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 28

1. William Sherman moved south from Tenseness toward Atlanta with 90thousand men
2. Won the battle in Atlanta against John Hood (burned the city)
3. Planned to march through Georgia
4. Won the battle in Tennessee against John Hood
5. Won the Battle of Franklin near Nashville against Hood
6. Continued marching southward through Georgia towards Atlanta (living off the land and destroying any provision that might serve confederate forces)
7. Once Sherman made it to Savannah (atlantic ocean) he began moving north into South Carolina
8. Burned the capital of Columbia (in S. Carolina)
9. Joseph Johnston attack Sherman’s army at Bentonville but lost (North Carolina)

Question 29

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 29

1. Grant sent a not to Lee urginhimto surrender
2. lee (dressed in his red uniform) met Grant in the parlor of Wilmer McLean’s home at the Appomattox Courthouse to tender his surrender
3. After signing the surrender documents, he prepared to ride back home, General Grant walked in front of him and raised his hat in salute (his noble foe)

Question 30

Presidential Reconstruction

Answer 30

1. Lincoln suggested the 10% Plan, which admitted a confederate state back to the Union if 10% of those who voted in 1860 pledge loyalty to the Union (congress did not like this because they felt it to be too nice) - regardless, Lincoln dies before this goes into action leaving it to Johnson
2. Andrew Johnson starts giving pardons to the south very easily and allowing “black codes” to be passed in the south
3. Finally Congress, fed up, tries impeaching him and brings him to trial; he survives by 1 vote and continues in office, but he gets ignored and congress overrides his votes for the rest of his term

Question 31

Congressional reconstruction

Answer 31

1. the south was divided into 5 military district until they got their act together by writing up anew Constitution/act to have no more slavery
2. Now, confederate men were not able to vote, leaving it up to the Freedman (ex slaves), Carpetbaggers (northerners who moved south, and Scalawags (white southern men who signed the allegiance - they were “always” loyal, or lied about it) - ALL 3 GROUPS were Rebublicans

Question 32

Freedman’s Bureau

Answer 32

1. was set up to help slaves transition into freedom: with food, finding family, getting jobs, setting up schools, etc
2. it did not last very long, a few years (it was successful though)

Question 33

Sharecropping

Answer 33

1. pertained to landowners in the south who still maintained a lot of land, and ex-slaves who had not job or money
2. Ex-slaves would work for the land owners (basically farming like they were before) and at the end when the crop was sold, shares would be distributed
3. was NOT successful, because ex-slaves profit was being deducted according to the supplies they used, and some were being cheated by the land owners

Question 34

Klu Klux Klan

Answer 34

1. was made up of ex-confederates that was not allowed to vote in the south
2. started out as a social group (a fraternity); get together and chat, but got carried away with being upset at the freedmans, carpetbaggers, and scalawags
3. started intimating people to get them out of town, and if that didn’t work, they resorted in killing and injuring others
4. Mainly targeted leaders - judges, congressman, ect

Question 35

Carpetbaggers

Answer 35

1. Northerners who moved into the south; included:
   - those who were missionary and wanted to help slaves and reconstruction in the south
   - those who were Union soldiers and wanted to know how the south was like
   - those who wanted land (it was much cheaper in the south) and were interested in making money

Question 36

Scalawags

Answer 36

1. people in the south who were allowed to vote because they were always loyal to the Union, they signed an allegiance
2. many white man lied bout their loyalty in order to be able to vote (sign the allegiance anyways)