History Standard 4/5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Adolf Hitler

Answer 1

The founder and leader of the Nazi Party and the most influential voice in the organization, implementation, and execution of the Holocaust

Question 2

Appeasement

Answer 2

Policy of granting concessions in order to keep the peace

Question 3

Joseph Stalin

Answer 3

Dictator of the Soviet Union who transformed the country from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower; he ruled by terror and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign

Question 4

Benito Mussolini

Answer 4

Fascist dictator of Italy, ruling the country as prime minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943

Question 5

Hideki Tojo

Answer 5

Army general and prime minister who led Japan through much of WWII and was later executed as a war criminal

Question 6

Axis powers

Answer 6

Group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in WWII

Question 7

Neutrality Act

Answer 7

Act that allowed nations at war to buy goods and arms in the United States if they paid cash and carried the merchandise on their own ships

Question 8

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 8

Act passed in 1941 that allowed president Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered vital to the safety of the United States

Question 9

D-day

Answer 9

June 6, 1944, the day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France

Question 10

Big Three

Answer 10

The three great Allied powers- Great Britain (Churchill), the United States (Roosevelt), and the Soviet Union (Stalin)

Question 11

Yalta Conference

Answer 11

1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

Question 12

Manhattan Project

Answer 12

Code name of the project that developed the atomic bomb

Question 13

Harry S. Truman

Answer 13

33rd president of the United States who led the country through the final stages of WWII and through the early years of the Cold War, vigorously opposing Soviet expansionism in Europe

Question 14

Selective Service Act

Answer 14

Act passed by congress in 1917 authorizing a draft of men for military service

Question 15

War Production Board

Answer 15

An agency of the U.S. government that was established to coordinate the development, expansion, and use of raw materials

Question 16

Rationing

Answer 16

Government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime

Question 17

WAC

Answer 17

U.S. Army unit created during WWII to enable women to serve in noncombat positions

Question 18

Tuskegee Airmen

Answer 18

African American squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during WWII

Question 19

Code Talkers

Answer 19

Name given to Native Americans who used their tribal language to send secret communications on the battlefield

Question 20

Internment Camps

Answer 20

Established during WWII by Roosevelt; it was the policy that people of Japanese descent would be incarcerated in isolated camps

Question 21

Concentration Camps

Answer 21

Camps used by the Nazis to imprison “undesirable” members of society

Question 22

Holocaust

Answer 22

Name now used to describe the systematic murder by the Nazis of Jews and others

Question 23

Nuremberg Trials

Answer 23

Trials in which Nazi leaders were charged with war crimes

Question 24

Iron curtain

Answer 24

Term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the border between Soviet satellite states and Western Europe

Question 25

Containment

Answer 25

Policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders

Question 26

Truman Doctrine

Answer 26

President Trumans promise to help nations struggling against communist movements

Question 27

Marshall Plan

Answer 27

Foreign policy that offered economic aid to Western European countries after WWII

Question 28

Berlin Airlift

Answer 28

Program in which U.S. and British pilots flew supplies to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade

Question 29

Cold War

Answer 29

Worldwide rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union

Question 30

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 30

34th president of the United States who was previously a general in the U.S. Army during WWII, serving as supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe

Question 31

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 31

Policy of president Eisenhower that stated that the United States would use force to help any nation threatened by communism

Question 32

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 32

Led the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War who initiated a process of “de-Stalinization” that made the Soviet society less repressive

Question 33

Fidel Castro

Answer 33

Cuban revolutionary leader who overthrew the corrupt regime of the dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and soon after established a communist state

Question 34

John F. Kennedy

Answer 34

35th president of the United States who fought to ensure equal rights and opportunities for all Americans, challenged the nation to land a man on the moon before the end of the decade, and was assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas

Question 35

Berlin Wall

Answer 35

Dividing wall built by East Germany in 1961 to isolate West Berlin from communist-controlled East Berlin

Question 36

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 36

1962 conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union resulting from the Soviet installation of nuclear missiles in Cuba

Question 37

United Nations (UN)

Answer 37

Organization founded in 1945 to promote peace

Question 38

NATO

Answer 38

Military alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion

Question 39

Warsaw Pact

Answer 39

Military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite states

Question 40

SEATO

Answer 40

Organization established to prevent communism from gaining ground in Southeast Asia

Question 41

GI Bill

Answer 41

Eased the return of WWII veterans by providing education and employment aid

Question 42

Suburbanization

Answer 42

The movement of many people away from the cities and into newly formed communities just outside the cities

Question 43

Baby Boom

Answer 43

Increase in births between 1945 and 1964

Question 44

Consumer Society

Answer 44

Society organized around consumption of goods and leisure, rather than the production of materials and services

Question 45

Red Scare

Answer 45

Fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

Question 46

HUAC

Answer 46

Congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States

Question 47

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 47

U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who was best known for his badgering charges of communist activities that he levied first against federal workers and then expanded his charges to others