History Standard 3 Vocabulary

Question 1

Captains of Industry

Answer 1

Business leaders whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way

Question 2

Robber Barons

Answer 2

A name used to identify wealthy entrepreneurs who were known to be crooked in their business dealings

Question 3

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 3

Controlled the steel industry

Question 4

JP Morgan

Answer 4

Controlled banks, insurance companies, and various stock market operations

Question 5

Henry Ford

Answer 5

Founder of Ford Motor Company and invented the famous Model T car, also introduced several innovations, including the moving assembly line

Question 6

John Rockefeller

Answer 6

Founder of Standford oil and nation’s first trust (monopoly)

Question 7

Collective Bargaining

Answer 7

Process in which employers negotiate with labor unions about hours, wages, and other working conditions

Question 8

Labor Unions

Answer 8

Organizations of workers that represent the collective interests of laborers in negotiations with employers

Question 9

Laissez-faire

Answer 9

Lenient, as in the absence of government control over private business

Question 10

Philanthropy

Answer 10

The act of voluntary giving by individuals or groups to promote the common good

Question 11

Political Machines

Answer 11

Organizations linked to a political party that often controlled local government

Question 12

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 12

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Question 13

Social Darwinism

Answer 13

The belief held by some in the late nineteenth century that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule

Question 14

Strikes

Answer 14

Organized stoppage of work conducted by laborers in order to impose bargaining power against employers

Question 15

Monopolies

Answer 15

Exclusive control by one company over an entire industry

Question 16

16th Amendment

Answer 16

Congress has the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes from whatever source derived

Question 17

17th Amendment

Answer 17

Established the direct election of United States senators in each state

Question 18

18th Amendment

Answer 18

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol

Question 19

19th Amendment

Answer 19

Guarantees American women the right to vote

Question 20

Farmers Alliance

Answer 20

Network of farmers’ organizations that worked for political and economic reforms in the late 1800s

Question 21

Interstate Commerce Act

Answer 21

Act passed in 1887 that gave Congress the authority to regulate the railroad industry

Question 22

Muckrakers

Answer 22

Writers who uncover and expose misconduct in policies or business

Question 23

Populist Movement

Answer 23

Movements of the late 19th century that wanted to limit the power of corporate and financial establishments (rural)

Question 24

Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 24

1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs

Question 25

Tenement Housing

Answer 25

Multistory buildings divided into apartments to house as many families as possible

Question 26

Federal Reserve Act

Answer 26

1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, set interest rates, and supervises commercial banks

Question 27

Pacific Railway Act

Answer 27

Legislation to encourage the construction of a transcontinental railroad, connecting the west to industries in the northeast

Question 28

Assimilation

Answer 28

The process in which individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society

Question 29

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 29

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Question 30

Nativism

Answer 30

Belief that native-born white Americans are superior to newcomers

Question 31

Buffalo Soldiers

Answer 31

A regiment of black soldiers, their purpose was to support the U.S. expansion into the west and acted as shock troops for the U.S. army

Question 32

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 32

Attempted to foster Native American assimilation into American society. Tribal lands were divided into farming parcels and given to individual families

Question 33

Exodusters

Answer 33

African Americans who migrated from the south to the west after the Civil War

Question 34

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Answer 34

Key figure of the railroad industry

Question 35

Gilded Age

Answer 35

Term coined by Mark Twain to describe the post-Reconstruction era which was characterized by a facade of prosperity

Question 36

Capitalism

Answer 36

Economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods

Question 37

Overproduction

Answer 37

The supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demands; excess of production over consumption

Question 38

Bimetallism

Answer 38

Backing money with both gold and silver so that more money could be in circulation

Question 39

Upton Sinclair

Answer 39

A novelist and muckraker who exposed the conditions in the meatpacking industry in his novel The Jungle

Question 40

Progressive Movement

Answer 40

Interested in furthering social and political reform, curbing corruption caused by political machines, and limiting the influence of large-scale corporations (urban)

Question 41

Ellis Island

Answer 41

Island in New York Harbor that served as an immigration station for million of immigrants arriving to the U.S.

Question 42

Sweatshops

Answer 42

Small factories where employees have to work long hours under poor conditions for little pay

Question 43

Jane Addams

Answer 43

A pioneer social worker in America, as a feminist and an internationalist, she created the first settlement house in the U.S., Chicago’s Hull House

Question 44

Carrie Chapman Catt

Answer 44

American women’s suffrage leader who campaigned for the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which gave women the right to vote in 1920

Question 45

Alice Paul

Answer 45

A women’s rights activist who also campaigned for the 19th Amendment and organized the Silent Sentinels protest group, she served as the leader of the National Woman’s Party for 50 years

Question 46

Vertical Integration

Answer 46

System of consolidating firms involved in all steps of a product’s manufacture

Question 47

Horizontal Integration

Answer 47

System of consolidating many firms in the same business