HIstory Standard 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

American System

Answer 1

Henry Clay’s federal program designed to stimulate the economy with internal improvements and create a self-sufficient nation

Question 2

Compromise of 1850

Answer 2

Political agreement that allowed California to be admitted as a free state by allowing popular sovereignty in the territories and enacting a stricter fugitive slave law

Question 3

Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 3

Required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves

Question 4

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 4

1854 law that divided the Nebraska territory into Kansas and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery

Question 5

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 5

1854 purchase from France by the United STates of the territory between the Mississippi Rive and the Rocky Mountains

Question 6

Manifest Destiny

Answer 6

19th century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right

Question 7

Missouri Compromise

Answer 7

1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banning slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the 36*30’N latitude

Question 8

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 8

Foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

Question 9

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 9

Principle in which the people are the only source of government power

Question 10

54th Massachusetts Regiment

Answer 10

The first military unit consisting of all black soldiers to be raised in the North during the Civil War

Question 11

Abolition

Answer 11

The act of officially ending slavery (immediate and full emancipation of the slaves)

Question 12

Anaconda Plan

Answer 12

Northern Civil War strategy to starve the south by blockading seaports and controlling the Mississippi River

Question 13

Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 13

Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, Elizabeth Stanton called for moral, economic, and political equality for women

Question 14

Fort Sumter

Answer 14

Federal fort located in Charleston, South Carolina, where the first shots of the Civil War were fired

Question 15

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 15

Held in New York in 1848, the first women’s rights convention in the United States

Question 16

Underground Railroad

Answer 16

System that existed before the Civil War, in which black and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas, especially Canada

Question 17

13th Amendment

Answer 17

Amendment that abolished slavery in the United States

Question 18

14th Amendment

Answer 18

Amendment that granted citizenship to all “born or naturalized in the United States”, provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws”

Question 19

15th Amendment

Answer 19

Amendment that granted African American men the right to vote

Question 20

Black Codes

Answer 20

Laws that restricted African Americans’ rights and opportunities

Question 21

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 21

Stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and could not expect protection from the federal government or courts

Question 22

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 22

Decree by President Lincoln that freed enslaved people living in Confederate States still in rebellion

Question 23

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 23

Federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and poor white farmers in the south after the Civil War

Question 24

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 24

Ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a separate political entity that could not be regulated by the state, Georgia’s license law was unconstitutional

Question 25

Indian Removal Act

Answer 25

Act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the federal government to negotiate land trades with the Indians in the southeast

Question 26

Trail of Tears

Answer 26

Forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s

Question 27

Ku Klux Klan Act (1871)

Answer 27

Empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the KKK, protected African American’s from violence

Question 28

Cotton Gin

Answer 28

Machine invented in 1793 to separate the cotton fiber from its hard shell

Question 29

Sectionalism

Answer 29

An exaggerated devotion to the interests of a region over those of a country as a whole

Question 30

Temperance Movement

Answer 30

Movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it

Question 31

Abolitionist Movement

Answer 31

Nineteenth-century movement that sought an end to slavery

Question 32

Women’s Rights Movement

Answer 32

Movement beginning in the mid-1800s in the United States that sought greater rights and opportunities for women

Question 33

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Answer 33

Requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person in custody

Question 34

John Brown

Answer 34

A leading figure in the abolitionist movement in the pre-Civil War United States, he was not a pacifist and believed in aggressive action against slaveholders and any government officials who enabled them

Question 35

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 35

An abolitionist author who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Question 36

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 36

General who led the Union armies to victory over the Confederacy in the Civil War

Question 37

William T. Sherman

Answer 37

General who led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas

Question 38

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 38

Site of General Robert E. Lee’s surrender to Ulysses S. Grant following four years of Civil Ear

Question 39

Andrew Johnson

Answer 39

Assured presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, wanted to preserve the Union

Question 40

Sharecropping

Answer 40

System in which a farmer tended a portion of a planter’s land in return for a share of the crop

Question 41

Tenant Farming

Answer 41

System in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for use of the land

Question 42

Compromise of 1877

Answer 42

Agreement by which Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from the south

Question 43

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 43

Segregation laws enacted in the south after Reconstruction

Question 44

Literacy Tests

Answer 44

Reading and writing test formerly used in some southern states to prevent African Americans from voting

Question 45

Poll Taxes

Answer 45

Sum of money to be paid before a person could vote

Question 46

Segregation

Answer 46

Forced separation, oftentimes by race

Question 47

Grandfather Clauses

Answer 47

Law to disqualify African American voters by allowing the vote only to men whose fathers and grandfathers voted before 1867

Question 48

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 48

Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine

Question 49

Booker T. Washington

Answer 49

Born into slavery and rose to become a leading African American intellectual of the 19th century, argued that African Americans must focus on educating themselves and working blue-collar jobs

Question 50

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 50

Important protest leader who argued that African Americans should not be judged by the same standards as the rest of the world until they are equally free, should work blue-collar jobs as well as white-collar jobs