HIstory Standard 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
American System
Henry Clay’s federal program designed to stimulate the economy with internal improvements and create a self-sufficient nation
Compromise of 1850
Political agreement that allowed California to be admitted as a free state by allowing popular sovereignty in the territories and enacting a stricter fugitive slave law
Fugitive Slave Law
Required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 law that divided the Nebraska territory into Kansas and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery
Louisiana Purchase
1854 purchase from France by the United STates of the territory between the Mississippi Rive and the Rocky Mountains
Manifest Destiny
19th century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right
Missouri Compromise
1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banning slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the 36*30’N latitude
Monroe Doctrine
Foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Popular Sovereignty
Principle in which the people are the only source of government power
54th Massachusetts Regiment
The first military unit consisting of all black soldiers to be raised in the North during the Civil War
Abolition
The act of officially ending slavery (immediate and full emancipation of the slaves)
Anaconda Plan
Northern Civil War strategy to starve the south by blockading seaports and controlling the Mississippi River
Declaration of Sentiments
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence, Elizabeth Stanton called for moral, economic, and political equality for women
Fort Sumter
Federal fort located in Charleston, South Carolina, where the first shots of the Civil War were fired
Seneca Falls Convention
Held in New York in 1848, the first women’s rights convention in the United States
Underground Railroad
System that existed before the Civil War, in which black and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas, especially Canada
13th Amendment
Amendment that abolished slavery in the United States
14th Amendment
Amendment that granted citizenship to all “born or naturalized in the United States”, provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws”
15th Amendment
Amendment that granted African American men the right to vote
Black Codes
Laws that restricted African Americans’ rights and opportunities
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and could not expect protection from the federal government or courts
Emancipation Proclamation
Decree by President Lincoln that freed enslaved people living in Confederate States still in rebellion
Freedmen’s Bureau
Federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and poor white farmers in the south after the Civil War
Worcester v. Georgia
Ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a separate political entity that could not be regulated by the state, Georgia’s license law was unconstitutional
Indian Removal Act
Act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the federal government to negotiate land trades with the Indians in the southeast
Trail of Tears
Forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s
Ku Klux Klan Act (1871)
Empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the KKK, protected African American’s from violence
Cotton Gin
Machine invented in 1793 to separate the cotton fiber from its hard shell
Sectionalism
An exaggerated devotion to the interests of a region over those of a country as a whole
Temperance Movement
Movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
Abolitionist Movement
Nineteenth-century movement that sought an end to slavery
Women’s Rights Movement
Movement beginning in the mid-1800s in the United States that sought greater rights and opportunities for women
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person in custody
John Brown
A leading figure in the abolitionist movement in the pre-Civil War United States, he was not a pacifist and believed in aggressive action against slaveholders and any government officials who enabled them
Harriet Beecher Stowe
An abolitionist author who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Ulysses S. Grant
General who led the Union armies to victory over the Confederacy in the Civil War
William T. Sherman
General who led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas
Appomattox Courthouse
Site of General Robert E. Lee’s surrender to Ulysses S. Grant following four years of Civil Ear
Andrew Johnson
Assured presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, wanted to preserve the Union
Sharecropping
System in which a farmer tended a portion of a planter’s land in return for a share of the crop
Tenant Farming
System in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for use of the land
Compromise of 1877
Agreement by which Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from the south
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws enacted in the south after Reconstruction
Literacy Tests
Reading and writing test formerly used in some southern states to prevent African Americans from voting
Poll Taxes
Sum of money to be paid before a person could vote
Segregation
Forced separation, oftentimes by race
Grandfather Clauses
Law to disqualify African American voters by allowing the vote only to men whose fathers and grandfathers voted before 1867
Plessy v. Ferguson
Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine
Booker T. Washington
Born into slavery and rose to become a leading African American intellectual of the 19th century, argued that African Americans must focus on educating themselves and working blue-collar jobs
W.E.B. DuBois
Important protest leader who argued that African Americans should not be judged by the same standards as the rest of the world until they are equally free, should work blue-collar jobs as well as white-collar jobs
