History of drugs

Question 1

reintroduced clozapine into clinical practice

Answer 1

Kane

Question 2

developed the first SSRI (modified pheniramine to create zimelidine)

Answer 2

Carlsson

Question 3

first described the ‘cheese effect’ seen in MAOI use

Answer 3

Blackwell

Question 4

discovered lithium’s beneficial effect in mania

Answer 4

Cade

Question 5

discovered use of iproniazid (MAOI)

Answer 5

Kline

Question 6

synthesised chlorpromazine

Answer 6

Charpentier

Question 7

introduced chlorpromazine as a treatment for schizophrenia and coined the term ‘neuroleptic’

Answer 7

Delay and Deniker

Question 8

discovered the antidepressant effects of imipramine

Answer 8

Kuhn

Question 9

first use of ECT

Answer 9

Cerletti (and Bini)

Question 10

coined the term ‘antidepressant’

Answer 10

Lurie

Question 11

insulin shock therapy

Answer 11

Sakel

Question 12

frontal leucotomy for psychosis

Answer 12

Moniz

Question 13

metrazol therapy

Answer 13

Meduna

Question 14

What was chlorpromazepine used by in 1951 for first time

Answer 14

by Laborit and Huguenard, for its potential anesthetic effects during surgery who noticed it produced disinterest without loss of consciousness and with only a slight tendency to sleep.

Question 15

When was introduction of clozapine treatment?

Answer 15

1990 - opened the era of ‘atypical’ antipsychotics.

Question 16

When was clozapine first synthesised

Answer 16

First synthesised in 1958 (from imipramine)

Question 17

Clozapine was removed from most markets in 1975 why

Answer 17

after deaths from agranulocytosis.

Question 18

What was the first antidepressant and what was it developed for

Answer 18

the MOA inhibitors (namely iproniazid). Iproniazid was initially developed as a treatment for tuberculosis.

Question 19

Why were TCAs developed

Answer 19

the search was on for even more potent antipsychotic compounds

Question 20

When was imipramine approved

Answer 20

1959

Question 21

Which were the only class of antidepressants that were actually developed for their intended use

Answer 21

SSRIs

Question 22

Zimeldine, which was derived from pheniramine (in the late 1960s), was marketed in Europe in 1982 but then removed in 1983 due what?

Answer 22

to severe side effects such as hypersensitivity reactions and Guillain-Barre syndrome, which is acute peripheral neuropathy.
The hypersensitivity reactions resembled a flu- like syndrome