ADHD pharmacology Flashcards
Name the stimulant ADHD drugs
methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine
How do the stimulant ADHD medications work
inhibit NA and DA reuptake
Which stimulant is a pro drug
Lisdexamfetamine
How does Lisdexamfetamine work
converted by enzymes in red blood cells to become dexamfetamine and L-lysine (amino acid).
What is benefit of activation of prodrug
longer action and a reduced abuse potential
How does atomoxetine work
Targets the NET (noradrenaline transporter), inhibiting the reuptake of NA, therefore increasing NA levels in the synaptic cleft. Selective NA reuptake inhibitor
How does Guanfacine work
Selective agonist of α2A-adrenergic receptors. Binds to postsynaptic α2A-adrenergic receptors, mimicking NA
How does clonidine work
Agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, mimic NA
Side effects of clonidine?
- dizziness
- sedation
- orthostatic hypotension
- dry mouth
Side effects of guanfacine?
- somnolence
- headache
- abdominal pain
- fatigue
Side effects of atomoxetine
- appetite decreased
- headache
- somnolence
- abdominal pain (includes epigastric discomfort)
- vomiting
- nausea
- blood pressure increased
- heart rate increased
Methylphenidate side effects
- decreased appetite
- insomnia
- nervousness
- headache
- nausea
- dry mouth
Additional stimulant side effects in lisdexamfetamine
- upper abdominal pain (in children 6-12 years)
- weight decreased (in those aged 6-17 years)
