History of Coastal Management Flashcards
What are cliff-ed coastlines popular for but what is the potential threat up this?
Commercial, residential and industrial uses.
Flooding threatens these uses.
When was coastal management beginning to become popular?
End of 19th century.
Why does erosion cause conflict with human activity?
People think the coastline is static rather than a dynamic system.
Why are coastal defence measures needed along the coastline?
6
Natural processes. Rising sea level. Land subsidence. Increased stormy conditions. Change in sediment supply. Human activity.
Natural procesesses.
Marine erosion.
Flooding.
Sub-aerial processes.
Rising sea level.
Eustatic.
Land subsidence.
Isostatic.
Increased stormy conditions.
Climate change.
Changes in supply of sediment.
Human management eg groynes.
Human activity.
Recreational.
Tourism.
Management.
What happened in 1994?
Coastal protection act gave responsibility for coastal protection to 121 district councils.
Referring to coastal management what is happening in England and Wales?
PAST.
No single government department has overall responsibility for coastal protection.
What is the England and Wales coastal management divided up into?
Ministry of Agriculture, fisheries and food.
Environmental agency.
Country councils.
etc.
What do SMPS provide?
A sound basis for the provision of coastal protection.
What did a study show in 1991
The link between coastal managment provision in one area with effects on adjoining areas.
What has happened today in England Wales?
TODAY.
11 sediment cells.
46 sub cells exist.
How are SMPS developed?
By groups from adjoining areas including planners, engineers and geomorphologists.
What does coastal management mean?
Controlling development and change in coastal zone and undertaking work according to agreed principles and criteria.
What does good managment mean?
Involving both physical and environmental considerations as well as views from residents and groups.
Balanced policy.
Name the 3 stages in managment?
1 understand cause of problem.
2 Undertake works to reduce/solve problem.
3 Improve protection.
What 2 aims does coastal management have?
Provide defence against flooding and erosion.
Name other aims?
Stabilisation beaches affected by LSD.
Stabilising sand dunes.
Protecting salt marshes.
What does hard engineering do?
Works against nature and aims to resist the energy of waves and tides through significant human investment.
Expensive to build/maintain.
Negative effects from hard engineering.
Narrower shorelines.
Reduce habitats.
Effect sediment movement.
Not keep pace with rise in sea levels.
What do cliff face strategies aim to do?
Reduce mass movement especially on soft rock cliffs.
Reduce impact of sub-aerial processes.
What do cliff strategies do?
Dissipate wave energy because of their permeability.
What does soft engineering do?
Aims to work with natural processes by using natural systems like beaches, sand dunes and salt marshes.
Absorb and adjust to wave/tide energy.
How is soft engineering more environmentally friendly?
It involves maintaining and manipulating systems without changing their fundamental structures.
Aim is to not stop erosion but reduce it.
What defence systems occur in UK name4?
Do nothing.
Hold the line.
Advance the line.
Land use managment.
