histology Flashcards
what are organelles
small intracellular organs
are inclusions dispensable
yes
what are inclusions
components that have been synthesised by the cell itself or taken up from the extracellular environment
what are microfilaments composed of
actin
are microtubules polar
yes - radiate outwards rom central portion of the cell
what proteins move along microtubules to drag organelles etc along the microtubule
dynein and kinesin
which direction does dynein move
towards cell centre
which direction does kinesin move
toward cell periphery
describe the layers of the nucleus
outer and inner nucelar memerbane in-between these perinuclear cistern
what is euchromatin
DNA actively undergoing transcription
what is heterochromatin
DNA that is condensed and not undergoing transcription
where are ribosomes formed
nucleolus
why is the RER rough
studded with ribosomes
what does the RER synthesise
proteins destined for secretion, membranes or lumen of other organelles
what does the SER do
synthesis steroid hormones and lipids
golgi apparatus function
modification and packing of macromolecules that were synthesised in the ER
anchoring junctions
provide mechanical strength
occluding junctions
link cells to form a diffusion barrier
communicating (gap) junctions
allow movement of molecules between cells
what are tight junctions
occluding
what are desmosomes
anchoring junctions - found in between cardiac cells
what are pores in gap junctions produced by
connexon proteins
what does H&E stain stand for
haematoxylin and eosin
define pseudostratified
tissue appears to have multiple layers but in fact all layers are in contact with a basal lamina
is cartilage vascularised
no - avascular
how does cartilage receive nutrient
from adjacent tissues by diffusion through its matrix
what type of bone makes up bone shaft(diaphysis)
cortical
what type of bone makes up ends of the bone
cancellous or trabecular bone
describe smooth muscle fibres
elongated swindle shaped cells with a cigar shaped nucleus near the centre
describe skeletal muscle fibres
composed of very long elongated cells with each cell having multiple nuclei
astrocytes
in CNS support and ion transport
oligodendrocytes
in CNS produce myelin
microglia
In CNS provide immune surveillance
Schwann cells
in PNS produce myelin and support axons
epithelium
cover surfaces of the body or line hollow organs and also form glands sheets of cells
avascular
what is an unusual feature of salivary glands
striated ducts
striated ducts
modify saliva by pumping salt out of the fluid so our saliva is hypotonic to blood
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
what is this
epithelium
what type of epithelium
columnar
which ‘stratified’
pseudostratified
neutrophil
which cell
monocyte
which cell
eosinophil
whichb cell
basophil
which cell
lymphocyte
