histology

Question 1

what are organelles

Answer 1

small intracellular organs

Question 2

are inclusions dispensable

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

what are inclusions

Answer 3

components that have been synthesised by the cell itself or taken up from the extracellular environment

Question 4

what are microfilaments composed of

Answer 4

actin

Question 5

are microtubules polar

Answer 5

yes - radiate outwards rom central portion of the cell

Question 6

what proteins move along microtubules to drag organelles etc along the microtubule

Answer 6

dynein and kinesin

Question 7

which direction does dynein move

Answer 7

towards cell centre

Question 8

which direction does kinesin move

Answer 8

toward cell periphery

Question 9

describe the layers of the nucleus

Answer 9

outer and inner nucelar memerbane in-between these perinuclear cistern

Question 10

what is euchromatin

Answer 10

DNA actively undergoing transcription

Question 11

what is heterochromatin

Answer 11

DNA that is condensed and not undergoing transcription

Question 12

where are ribosomes formed

Answer 12

nucleolus

Question 13

why is the RER rough

Answer 13

studded with ribosomes

Question 14

what does the RER synthesise

Answer 14

proteins destined for secretion, membranes or lumen of other organelles

Question 15

what does the SER do

Answer 15

synthesis steroid hormones and lipids

Question 16

golgi apparatus function

Answer 16

modification and packing of macromolecules that were synthesised in the ER

Question 17

anchoring junctions

Answer 17

provide mechanical strength

Question 18

occluding junctions

Answer 18

link cells to form a diffusion barrier

Question 19

communicating (gap) junctions

Answer 19

allow movement of molecules between cells

Question 20

what are tight junctions

Answer 20

occluding

Question 21

what are desmosomes

Answer 21

anchoring junctions - found in between cardiac cells

Question 22

what are pores in gap junctions produced by

Answer 22

connexon proteins

Question 23

what does H&E stain stand for

Answer 23

haematoxylin and eosin

Question 24

define pseudostratified

Answer 24

tissue appears to have multiple layers but in fact all layers are in contact with a basal lamina

Question 25

is cartilage vascularised

Answer 25

no - avascular

Question 26

how does cartilage receive nutrient

Answer 26

from adjacent tissues by diffusion through its matrix

Question 27

what type of bone makes up bone shaft(diaphysis)

Answer 27

cortical

Question 28

what type of bone makes up ends of the bone

Answer 28

cancellous or trabecular bone

Question 29

describe smooth muscle fibres

Answer 29

elongated swindle shaped cells with a cigar shaped nucleus near the centre

Question 30

describe skeletal muscle fibres

Answer 30

composed of very long elongated cells with each cell having multiple nuclei

Question 31

astrocytes

Answer 31

in CNS support and ion transport

Question 32

oligodendrocytes

Answer 32

in CNS produce myelin

Question 33

microglia

Answer 33

In CNS provide immune surveillance

Question 34

Schwann cells

Answer 34

in PNS produce myelin and support axons

Question 35

epithelium

Answer 35

cover surfaces of the body or line hollow organs and also form glands sheets of cells

avascular

Question 36

what is an unusual feature of salivary glands

Answer 36

striated ducts

Question 37

striated ducts

Answer 37

modify saliva by pumping salt out of the fluid so our saliva is hypotonic to blood

Question 38

granulocytes

Answer 38

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 39

what is this

Answer 39

epithelium

Question 40

what type of epithelium

Answer 40

columnar

Question 41

which ‘stratified’

Answer 41

pseudostratified

Question 42

Answer 42

neutrophil

Question 43

which cell

Answer 43

monocyte

Question 44

which cell

Answer 44

eosinophil

Question 45

whichb cell

Answer 45

basophil

Question 46

which cell

Answer 46

lymphocyte