HIS MODULE 2 Flashcards
are crucial in improving health.
Data
They are the essential starting point, telling us how many people suffer from various diseases and w hat health services are lacking.
Data
how successful policies and interventions are
Statistics
whether maternal mortality has decreased, w hether children are immunized, w hether our health goals are achievable, and strategies are on track.
Statistics
They alert us when we need to modify development programs and redirect resources.
Data
It needs to be compiled correctly, follow ing standard practices and methodology.
Data
must also meet the needs of users.
Data
ultimate objective of collecting data
to inform health program planning as well as policymaking and, ultimately, global health outcomes and equity
empower decision-makers to manage and lead more effectively by providing useful evidence at the lowest possible cost
Weel-functioning health information system
motivating factors why health information systems are increasingly implemented across health industries all over the world
Concern about the cost and quality of health care
enables the provision of more efficient and effective health care services.
combination of elements in a health information system
correlated and translated into harmonious operations.
components of a health information system
cover different systems that capture, store, manage, and transmit health-related information that can be sourced from individuals or activities of a health institution
HIS
These include disease surveillance systems, district-level routine information systems, hospital patient administration system (PAS), human resource management information systems (HRMIS), and laboratory information systems (LIS).
HIS
becomes the bases in creating program action
information collected from a well-functioning HIS
very useful in policymaking and decision-making of health institutions
information collected from a well-functioning HIS
This translates to efficient resource allocation at the policy level and improvement of the quality and effectiveness of health at the delivery level.
information collected from a well-functioning HIS
should be sustainable, user-friendly, and economical.
HIS
should be educated on the use of the routine data collected from the system and the significance of useful quality data in improving health
Health Care Personnel
six components of Health Metrics Network (HMN), in its Framework and Standards for Country Health Information Systems,
HIS resources
Indicators
data Sources
Data management
Information Products
Dissimination and Use
These include the framework on legislation, regulation, planning, and the resources required for the system to be fully functional (e.g., personnel, logistics support, financing, ICT, and the component’s mechanism).
Health information system resources
Includes: • Policy and Planning • Infrastructure b. Indicators • Human and Financial Resources • Indicators
Health information System Resources
Prerequisites that need to be in place for a health information system to function
legal and policy framework by sufficient human and financial resources, infrastructure
The basis of the HIS plan and strategy
Indicators nad related targets
related targets
determinants of health; health system inputs, outputs, and outcomes; and the health status (morbidity and mortality).
are signposts of change along the path to development
Indicators
They describe the way to track intended results and are critical for monitoring and evaluation.
Indicators
They describe the way to track intended results and are critical for monitoring and evaluation
indicators
are a vital part of the results framework.
good performance indicators
indicators can help to:
• inform decision making for an ongoing program
• measure progress and achievements, as understood by the different stakeholders
• clarify consistency between activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts
• ensure legitimacy and accountability to all stakeholders by demonstrating progress
• assess activities and staff performance
should be valid, reliable, specific, sensitive, and feasible/affordable to measure
Health indicators
They must also be relevant and useful for decisionmaking.
Health indicators
main challenge in indicators
identify a small set of indicator
often have a defined minimum list of indicators, usually at the instigation of external partners and donors.
Individual program ares
When combined, these —— can create a considerable burden in terms of data collection.
indicators
rational selection of a set of ————- is therefore essentia
core health indicators
Core indicators of a country’s health information system performance can be grouped into two broad types, namely:
- realted to data generation using core sources and methods
- related to country capacities for synthesis, analysis and validation of data
Reflect the country’s capacity to collect relevant data at appropriate intervals and using the most suitable data sources.
Indicators related to data generation using core sources and methods
Includes health surveys, civil registration or birth and death registration, census, facility reporting, and health system resource tracking.
Indicators related to data generation using core sources and methods
Benchmarks include periodicity, timeliness, and contents of data collection efforts and availability of data on key indicators.
Indicators related to data generation using core sources and methods
Indicators of country capacity measure critical dimensions of the institutional frameworks needed to ensure data quality, including independence, transparency, and access.
Indicators are related to country capacities for synthesis, analysis, and validation of data.
Benchmarks include the availability of independent coordination mechanisms and the availability of microdata and metadata.
Indicators are related to country capacities for synthesis, analysis, and validation of data.
data about individuals, households, or organizations and consists of records containing information on respondents or other entities.
microdata
data that enters A person’s details (email, first name, last name, age, location, etc.)
Microdata
is a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.
metadata
Having the ability to search for a particular element (or elements) of that metadata makes it much easier for someone to locate a specific document.
metadata
For example,author, date created, date modified, and file sizeare examples of very basic document file metadata.
metadata
indicators of health
mortality indicators
morbidity indicators
natality indicators
disability indicators
nutritional status indicators
health care delivery indicators
utilization indicators
indicators of social & meantal health
environmental indicators
• Data sources are divided into tw o main categories:
(1) population-based approaches such as civil registration, censuses, and population surveys,
(2) institution-based data such as individual, resource, and service records.
civil registration, censuses, and population surveys,
population-based approaches
individual, resource, and service records.
institution-based data
Occasional health surveys, research, and information
community-based organizations
Key data available from six main sources
censuses,
vital events monitoring,
health facilities statistics,
public health surveillance,
population-based surveys, and
resource tracking
Key data available from six main sources (censuses, vital events monitoring, health facilities statistics, public health surveillance, populationbased surveys, and resource tracking) and standards for their use Includes:
• Census
• Vital Statistics
• Surveys
• Health and disease records
• Health service records
• Administrative resource records
has become a significant concern for large companies, primarily in customer relationship management (C RM), data integration, and regulation requirements.
data quality
generating costs
poor data quality
, it also affects customer satisfaction, company reputation, and even the management’s strategic decisions.
data quality/ poor data quality
Overall utility of a dataset(s) as a function of its ability to be processed efficiently and analyzed for a database, data w arehouse, or data analytics system.
Data Quality
Signifies the data’s appropriateness to serve its purpose in a given context.
data quality
means that the data is useful and consistent; data cleansing can be done to raise the quality of available data
quality data
A spects of Data Q uality:
• Accuracy
• Completeness
• Relevance
• Consistency
• Reliability
• Presentability
• Accessibility
refers to data handling, from collection and storage to data flow and quality assurance, processing, compilation, and data analysis.
Data Management
Includes optimal processes for collecting, sharing, and storing data, as well as data flow s and feedback loops.
Data Management
Information that could bring back into that is able to modify in order to extract another information
reintegration
Informayion that is publicly available yet certain information need some amount of security
Open Access
transformed into useful information that serves as evidence and provides insight crucial to shaping health action.
data
Accurate and reliable data available for health status, health systems, and determinants of health
information products
information products Includes:
• Health status
• Mortality
• Morbidity
• Health Systems
• Risk Factors
units that make up the information products
Indicators
enhances the value of health information by making it readily available to policymakers and data users.
HIS
Dissemination of information and effective use of data for:
advocacy, planning and decision-making
dissemination and use Includes:
• Analysis and use
• Policy and Advocacy
• Planning and priority-setting
• Resource allocation
• Implementation and action
These six components of health information systems can be categorized into:
Input
Indicators, data sources, data management
outputs
refer to the health information system resources.
Inputs
These resources include health, institutional coordination and leadership, health information policies, financial and human resources, and infrastructures.
Inputs
are needed for program planning, monitoring, and evaluation
core indicators
are also essential for decision-making as they provide a guide to health service delivery.
Population and institution-based sources
these data must be accessible and understandable by users and policymakers.
indicators, data sources and data management
form the process in HIS.
indicators, data sources and data management
refer to the transformation of data into information that can be used for decision-making and to the dissemination and use of such information
outputs
components of Input
His resources
components of processing
Indicators
Data sources
Data management
components of output
Information products
dissemination and use
avalability of drugs, basic equipment, number of staff per category and per capita (number of doctors to the population), number of drug shortages(what we do not have), early warnings for potential crisis, number of surgical acts done
indicators
avalability of drugs, basic equipment, number of staff per category and per capita (number of doctors to the population), number of drug shortages(what we do not have), early warnings for potential crisis, number of surgical acts done
indicators
number of childrem immunized, number of new cases in the facilities, hospital bed occupation rate
output
full immunization rate
incidence and prevalence or certain diseases such as HIV, malaria, TB
0 number of tb cases detected
result/ objective attained
Outcome
life expectancy at birth
infant mortality
prevalence of malnourished children under 5
impact
Attributes of a well-functioning HIS
1) G eneration of individual-level, facility-based and population-based data from multiple sources:
• public health surveillance platforms, • medical records, • Civil registration data, • household surveys, • censuses • health service coverage, • health system input data (e.g., human resources, health infrastructure, and financing).
2) Capacity to detect, investigate, communicate, and contain events that threaten public health security at the place and as soon as they occur.
3) Ability to synthesize information and apply this know ledge. A good HIS • improves both demand for and supply and use of data – in clinical • management, financing, planning, and implementation
improves both demand for and supply and use of data – in clinical management, financing, planning, and implementation
good HIS
offer healthcare providers various opportunities to provide better care to the patients while saving costs and making work semless
HIS
• patients are capable of having secure online access to their medical records scheduling doctor appointments, communicating w ith the doctor, check medical bills and processing payments online.
patient portal
popularity is increasing day by day because it improves the accessibility for the patients and maintains transparency betw een the patients and their treatment processes.
Patient portal
is increasing day by day because it improves the accessibility for the patients and maintains transparency betw een the patients and their treatment processes.
patient portal
manages all the billing tasks in less time than usual.
oonline medical billing feature
medical billing features, patients’ billing, insurance details, patient tracking, and payment process - can be handledefficiently
madical billing
notification alert if there is any delay or other issues in payment so that you can take action accordingly.
medical billing
helps you detect any type of medical error way before they start to slow down your management process
claim scrubbing tool in medical billing
It includes scanning and getting rid of any coding-related errors and delivering your latest updated reports.
medical billing
patients can schedule their appointments by simply logging into their respective accounts.
patient scheduling
they neither have to w ait in line in front of the doctor’s chamber or clinic nor need to call the clinic again and again to make an appointment. All the facilities w ill be available 24/7 in just a tap away
patient scheduling
They can even match their convenience w ith the availability of the doctor and book appointments accordingly.
patient scheduling
This feature is beneficial for the care providers as w ell. They can assign their staff, test rooms, and specialty apparatus (if needed).
patient scheduling
Speeds up the complete prescription process
ePrescribing
usually done by the staff members of the medical practitioner’s office.
ePrescribing
They can send and fill the prescriptions of every patient to the pharmacies online.
ePrescribing
track the entire process and take any action if needed.
ePrescribing
the w hole process becomes quick, safe, and error-free.
ePrescribing
Easy access to patient details, helps care providers deliver good health care to the patients and minimize severe expenses.
Remote Patient Monitoring
beneficial for patients w ho are suffering from chronic health issues.
Remote Petient Monitoring
w ith these details, they can foretell or put a stop to situations that w ould need serious medical intervention.
remote patient monitoring
care for senior citizens, care after discharging a patient, treatment for behavioral health and substance abuse, etc.
Remote Patient Monitoring
popular across many hospitals and large organizations of medical practices
Master Patient Index
one must feed the patients’ information onc
Master Patient Index
it gets connected to multiple databases, and as a result, this data can be useful in the future for other lab tests and clinical departments
Master Patient Index
There w ill be no need to feed the data manually every time.
Master Patient Index
it is entirely automated, reduces the possibility of errors, and improves the safety of the information.
Master Patient Index
ensures that information is available on vulnerable groups and key populations most affected by health issues, to ensure that services include activities tailored to the specific needs of those communities.
effective helath information system
can be particularly critical in HIV prevention and care since the population groups most vulnerable to infection continue to face legal and cultural barriers in accessing health care
data on age and gender
and non-discriminatory accessiblity
and quality of services
what is essential to be carried out to complement data collection, analysis and systhesis
qualitative behavioral studies and operations research
providing an alert and early warning capability,
supporting patient and health facility management,
enabling planning,
stimulating research,
permitting health situation and trends analyses,
and reinforcing communication of health challenges to different groups.
broader objectives of HIS
needs to contribute to and draw on existing data from the HIS. As such, the performance of the M&E system is directly linked to the capacity of the HIS
national M&E system
Suggested Capacity Development Indicators
• National health information strategy in place, with supporting M&E Plan
• The comprehensiveness of health data capture: prevalence, incidence, qualitative social and behavioral data, disaggregated by age and gender
• % of districts that submit timely, complete and accurate reports to national level
• % of facilities that submit timely, complete and accurate reports to district level
• Level of use of data collection systems for studies and evaluations
• Level of integration of health data into management and forecasting reports and processes
General Data Dissemination Strategy
self- assessment
World Bank Statistical Capacity-Building Score
independent assessment
identifies the key components and standards of a country health information system
Health Metrics Network (HMN) self-assessment tool
The Framework lays out standards to be attained for each component and describes datamanagement, the transformation of data into useable information, dissemination and use
Health Metrics Network (HMN) self-assessment tool
Assesses country capacity to collect relevant data at appropriate intervals, periodicity, timeliness, contents of data collection tools and availability of data on key indicators, as well as country capacities for synthesis, analysis, and validation of data
HIS performance Index
reporting rates, data and statistics availability
Specific indicators
generally based on existing sources such as databases of international agencies to minimize the reporting burden on countries.
independent assessment
may not agree with the assessment and, therefore, may not use the results for developing an improvement strategy
disadvantage of independent assessment
the degree of country ownership generated that enables the assessment to serve as the basis for the development of a plan for improvement.
advantage of self-assessmnet
generally timeconsuming and complex to implement and are less likely to generate results that can be compared over time or between countries, and are likely to be biased
self-assessment approaches
collected may be incomplete or of poor quality
data
This makes it difficult to connect – for example – the resources invested in results achieved.
duplication and fragmentation of data
are changing with the rise in non-communicable diseases, and concerns about public health security.
data needs and demands
emphasize the importance of monitoring equity
sustainable development goals
they maintain medical record rooms and may have health information units overflowing with data. However, despite this, many are still challenged to ensure timely reporting, to produce disaggregated data and use it for policy and planning, and to monitor trends in health services and outcomes
helath facility registries and service-use reporting
