HIS FINALS Module 4 Components of an LIS Flashcards
it determines how the user will interact with the system
LIS software user interface
It will have specific screens for entering data, sending reports, reporting results, etc. The software will have features such as security, access control, file maintenance, etc.
User Interface
It will have specific screens for entering data, sending reports, reporting results, etc. The software will have features such as security, access control, file maintenance, etc.
User Interface
request entry
when can requests be entered when the patient arrives at the laboratory.
In cases of outpatient
between an LIS and a clinical instrument allow automatic transfer of patient test results to the LIS.
Electronic data interface (EDI) connections
Laboratory scientist enters patient results at a client
Manual data entry
The results are added to the LIS, but they are not released to clients outside the laboratory until the results and quality control are reviewed and verified
release patient results
In this case, the computer uses a set of instructions to determine if the results should be released.
Autoverification in release patient results
Portable laboratory instruments, like handheld analyzers, can connect to an LIS via a wireless connection.
point of care testing
the Food and Drug Administration regulates LISs, and they are required to have mirrored hard drives. Data are stored on two separate hard drives of the LIS server.
redundant arrays od independent disks
Data are stored on two separate hard drives of the LIS server.
RAID
Each day, the data are to be copied to a tape, or other portable storage devices, and removed from the laboratory.
System Backup
Ongoing procedures to ensure the security of patient data and user profiles
(usernames and passwords) to prevent unauthorized access must be in place
system security
Users should have access only to the patient information and LIS functions needed to perform their job (minimum necessary use).
system security
it should be installed to protect the system from harmful malware, especially for networks with a Windows operating system
antiviral software
facilitate the processing of clinical specimens.
barcoding
The patient number, patient demographics, time/date, and test are written in normal readable letters.
barcoding
The LIS can be connected to clinical instruments and other information systems
through an EDI.
interface
typically bidirectional, meaning information is sent to and from the instruments and the information systems
interface
analyte results from an instrument are sent to the LIS, but the LIS cannot send requests to the instrument.
unidirectional interface
it was adopter So that instruments and computers used in healthcare can communicate with each other
Health Level 7
is an international committee formed in 1987 to formulate data standards, a set of rules that allow healthcare information to be shared and processed in a uniform and consistent way.
HL7
it needs to be in place if the computer system goes down
a contingency plan for manual procedures
LISs need to be shut down (taken offline) periodically for——–
software upgrades and other maintenance
Occasionally, the system will become nonresponsive (crash) so it shoul dbe done.
system maintenance
Every laboratory needs a plan to restore the system after system disruption by a storm, fire, or other hardware damaging situation.
disaster recovery
LIS software integrates laboratory instruments
LIS COMPONENTS
Minimum requirements for LIS
a. Access codes or passwords per user for access to the system
b. Assign a unique accession number
c. Provide a unique file for each assay (sample type, the volume required, ranges)
d. Record time collected, received, and unique identifier of who received it, and who released results
e. Print barcode labels (ISBT for immunohematology/transfusion services)
f. Interface with instruments and other information systems
Specien management and tracking
pre analytical
patient management
pre ana
physician management
pre ana
testing management
pre ana
test order referral system
pre ana
electronic transfer of data
ana
test queue
ana
test performed
ana
test result/ QC data from instrument to LIS
ana
test results verified and released
ana
reports management
post ana
types of reports
post ana
report distribution
post ana
long term result storage
post ana
data exchange with other systems
post ana
billing
post ana
reduces costs, improves workflow, and
eliminates preventable medical errors
hand held technology
unique identification number to each patient and also enter other demographic information about the patient in the information database
patient demographics
This information is collected at admission to the facility and entered into the HIS.
pateint demographics
essential first step in the use of the LIS
test order or order entry
Specific data that are needed during the order entry process:
a patient number and a patient name,
name of ordering physician(s),
name of the physician(s) to receive the report,
test request time and date,
time the specimen was or will be collected,
name of the person entering the request,
tests to be performed,
a priority of the test request (e.g., “stat” or routine),
and any other specimen comments about the request.
Preanalytical Core Functions:
• Reduces log in time
• Ensures correct identification of specimens
• Creates a database of patients
• Creates and maintains a unique specimen ID
• Helps identify mislabeled specimens
• Barcodes samples
it must link each specimen to its specific test
request.
automated analyzer
linking f specimen to specific test is best done automatically through the use of ——- on the specimen label but can be done manually by the laboratory staff, who can link the sample at the instrument to the specimen number in the computer.
barcodes
Analytical Core Functions
• Enables correct specimen and test identification through the use of preanalytical data available in the LIS
• Assists in workload management by automated capture of results from instruments
• Reduces transcription errors from instrument data
• Validates results
• Assists in quality control (QC) management
Any results generated must be verified (approved or reviewed) by the
laboratory staff before the data are released to the patient report.
autoverifictaion
it is a process where computer-based algorithms automatically perform actions on a defined subset of laboratory results without the need for
manual intervention.
autoverification
Useful data fr verification
display of “flags” signifying results that are outside the reference range values,
the presence of critical values or panic values (possible life-threatening values),
values out of the technical range for the analyzer,
or results that fail other checks and balances built into the system.
three kinds of autoverification
1) Rules-based systems – most traditional
2) Pattern recognition – the most complex
3) Neural networks – midway between the above types
The end product of the work done by the clinical laboratory consists of
the testing results produced by the particular methodology used, which are provided in the:
laboratory report
It contains all the test information generated by the various laboratories that have performed analyses for a single patient.
Laboratory reposrt
The data can be electronically transmitted to printers, computer terminals, or handheld pager terminals, giving rapid access to the test information for the user.
laboratory report
If the diagnosis has already been made, the information on the report
form can be used for other purposes, such as:
managing the patient’s treatment plan
must know the result of the most recent laboratory test, what clinically significant changes have occurred since the last test (through the retrieval of current and historical data), whether changes in therapy are indicated, and when the test should be performed next
physician
should give information about the range of
reference values, flag any abnormal values, and provide these data in a readily accessible format to support laboratories in the interpretation of clinical results in specific diagnostic areas such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, urine assessment, and protein profiling.
interpretative report form
Besides the graphical presentation of patient results and the calculation of formulas, this program provides suggestions for the clinical interpretation of specific protein results.
interpretative report form
must be communicated immediately
critical patient result
An automated process that supports critical result reporting with a manual call center backup system error-proofs critical laboratory assay communication and improves the quality of patient care and laboratory staff productivity.
critical patient result
Patient registration (if not received from an external system)
pre analysis
test ordering
pre analysis
Customized requisitions (e.g., outreach clients)
pre analysis
phlebotomy draw lists
pre analysis
Bar-coded collection labels and aliquot labels
pre analysis
Specimen tracking/ racking system
pre analysis
Instrument worklist (via an interface and automatic download)
analysis
Manual worklist
Manual results entry
analysis
Automated results entry via interface
analysis
Result validation and manual or automatic release
analysis
Quality control
analysis
Requisition-based patient reports (final, partial)
post analysis
Cumulative patient reports
post analysis
Cumulative patient reports
post analysis
Corrected report
post analysis
Results inquiry
post analysis
Electronic reporting to external interfaced systems (e.g., CIS, billing)
post analysis
Pending (incomplete) list
managemnet
Turnaround time reports
management
Workload statistics
management
Ad hoc report writer
management
CIS and instrument integrity monitoring tools
management
