Hip Flashcards
Displaces the proximal shaft of the femur laterally away from the joint
Neck of the femur
The shaft of the femur courses slightly ______ and bows slightly ______
Medial; anteriorly
Frontal plane angle between the neck and shaft of the femur
Angle of inclination
Angle of inclination is less than 125; bone on bone contact with abduction
Coxa vara
Angle of inclination is greater than 125; bone on bone contact with adduction; normal angle of inclination of newborns but lessens as babies start walking
Coxa valga
Acetabulum or the head and neck of femur are directed anteriorly relative to the frontal plane
Femoral anteversion
What is the normal degree of ante version?
10-15 degrees
What is limited with excessive ante version?
External rotation; body will not tolerate this and will compensate with internal rotation of the foot (pigeon toe)
What is limited with retroversion
Internal rotation
Twist between the shaft and neck of the femur distal on proximal; due to twisting, when the transcondylar axis is aligned on the frontal plane, the femoral head and neck are directed anteriorly
Femoral antetorsion
Abnormal gait pattern called “in-toeing”; compensatory mechanism to guide the femoral head more directly into the acetabulum
Excessive anteversion; clinical application - polio, cerebral palsy
This internal structure creates layers criss-crossing to take pressure and handle more stress; maximizes strength
Cancellous/ Trabecular bone
Internal structure that makes up most of the bone
Cortical/Compact bone
Where are two areas where fractures occur in the proximal femur?
Neck of the femur (femoral neck fracture) and intertrochanteric line of the femur (intertrochanteric fracture)
Where does the femoral head make contact on the acetabulum?
Lunate surface only
The smaller angle of acetabular alignment of the head of the femur, the higher the risk of _______ and ______ of contact area
Higher; reduction
How does the acetabulum of an adult compare with one of a baby?
The acetabulum of a baby is flatter; it becomes more concave as babies start walking
Ligament from AIIS to intertrochanteric line; stronger ligament of the hip; standing with hip fully extended, the femoral head rests against it; taut with hip extension; persons with paraplegia often use passive tension to assist with standing
Iliofemoral ligament (Y-ligament)
Ligament from pubis to intertrochanteric line; taut in abduction and extension
Pubofemoral ligament
Ligament from posterior acetabulum and ischium to greater trochanter; taut in full extension and IR
Ischiofemoral ligament
What is the close-packed position of the hip?
- Full extension
- Slight IR
- Slight abduction
What is the most congruent position of the hip?
- 90 degree flexion
- Moderate abduction
- ER
What is the loose-packed position of the hip?
- 30 degree flexion
- 30 degree abduction
- Slight ER
What creates a partial suction that provides stability to the hip?
Intracapsular pressures less than atmospheric pressure
What position creates the least amount of intracapsular pressure?
Mid-range motion
What is the normal center edge angle of acetabular alignment?
35 degrees
What is the external surface of the hip capsule reinforced by (also known as check reign ligaments)?
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
What does the adductor longus muscle act as when the hip is flexed? when the hip is extended?
Extensor; flexor
Hip abductors must produce a force of __x body weight to achieve stability during single-limb support
2
Deterioration of the hip joints articular cartilage
Hip osteoarthritis
Angle of inclination that increases shearing forces, and risk of osteoarthritis
Coxa vara
Angle of inclination that results in being prone to dislocation, labral tears, and in general the head of the femur is not covered well
Coxa valga
