Hip

Question 1

Displaces the proximal shaft of the femur laterally away from the joint

Answer 1

Neck of the femur

Question 2

The shaft of the femur courses slightly ______ and bows slightly ______

Answer 2

Medial; anteriorly

Question 3

Frontal plane angle between the neck and shaft of the femur

Answer 3

Angle of inclination

Question 4

Angle of inclination is less than 125; bone on bone contact with abduction

Answer 4

Coxa vara

Question 5

Angle of inclination is greater than 125; bone on bone contact with adduction; normal angle of inclination of newborns but lessens as babies start walking

Answer 5

Coxa valga

Question 6

Acetabulum or the head and neck of femur are directed anteriorly relative to the frontal plane

Answer 6

Femoral anteversion

Question 7

What is the normal degree of ante version?

Answer 7

10-15 degrees

Question 8

What is limited with excessive ante version?

Answer 8

External rotation; body will not tolerate this and will compensate with internal rotation of the foot (pigeon toe)

Question 9

What is limited with retroversion

Answer 9

Internal rotation

Question 10

Twist between the shaft and neck of the femur distal on proximal; due to twisting, when the transcondylar axis is aligned on the frontal plane, the femoral head and neck are directed anteriorly

Answer 10

Femoral antetorsion

Question 11

Abnormal gait pattern called “in-toeing”; compensatory mechanism to guide the femoral head more directly into the acetabulum

Answer 11

Excessive anteversion; clinical application - polio, cerebral palsy

Question 12

This internal structure creates layers criss-crossing to take pressure and handle more stress; maximizes strength

Answer 12

Cancellous/ Trabecular bone

Question 13

Internal structure that makes up most of the bone

Answer 13

Cortical/Compact bone

Question 14

Where are two areas where fractures occur in the proximal femur?

Answer 14

Neck of the femur (femoral neck fracture) and intertrochanteric line of the femur (intertrochanteric fracture)

Question 15

Where does the femoral head make contact on the acetabulum?

Answer 15

Lunate surface only

Question 16

The smaller angle of acetabular alignment of the head of the femur, the higher the risk of _______ and ______ of contact area

Answer 16

Higher; reduction

Question 17

How does the acetabulum of an adult compare with one of a baby?

Answer 17

The acetabulum of a baby is flatter; it becomes more concave as babies start walking

Question 18

Ligament from AIIS to intertrochanteric line; stronger ligament of the hip; standing with hip fully extended, the femoral head rests against it; taut with hip extension; persons with paraplegia often use passive tension to assist with standing

Answer 18

Iliofemoral ligament (Y-ligament)

Question 19

Ligament from pubis to intertrochanteric line; taut in abduction and extension

Answer 19

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 20

Ligament from posterior acetabulum and ischium to greater trochanter; taut in full extension and IR

Answer 20

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 21

What is the close-packed position of the hip?

Answer 21

• Full extension
• Slight IR
• Slight abduction

Question 22

What is the most congruent position of the hip?

Answer 22

• 90 degree flexion
• Moderate abduction
• ER

Question 23

What is the loose-packed position of the hip?

Answer 23

• 30 degree flexion
• 30 degree abduction
• Slight ER

Question 24

What creates a partial suction that provides stability to the hip?

Answer 24

Intracapsular pressures less than atmospheric pressure

Question 25

What position creates the least amount of intracapsular pressure?

Answer 25

Mid-range motion

Question 26

What is the normal center edge angle of acetabular alignment?

Answer 26

35 degrees

Question 27

What is the external surface of the hip capsule reinforced by (also known as check reign ligaments)?

Answer 27

• Iliofemoral
• Pubofemoral
• Ischiofemoral

Question 28

What does the adductor longus muscle act as when the hip is flexed? when the hip is extended?

Answer 28

Extensor; flexor

Question 29

Hip abductors must produce a force of __x body weight to achieve stability during single-limb support

Answer 29

2

Question 30

Deterioration of the hip joints articular cartilage

Answer 30

Hip osteoarthritis

Question 31

Angle of inclination that increases shearing forces, and risk of osteoarthritis

Answer 31

Coxa vara

Question 32

Angle of inclination that results in being prone to dislocation, labral tears, and in general the head of the femur is not covered well

Answer 32

Coxa valga