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Kinesiology I > Ankle-Foot > Flashcards

Ankle-Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How does the fibular head move with dorsiflexion?

A

Superior, lateral, anterior motion

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2
Q

There is slight (internal/external rotation of the foot in standing.

A

External

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3
Q

Where in the ankle is a primary area for swelling during a sprain?

A

Sinus tarsi

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4
Q

What are the four major joints of the ankle and foot?

A
  1. Talocrural
  2. Subtalar
  3. Talonavicular
  4. Calcaneocuboid
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5
Q

What happens in pronation of the foot?

A

Eversion
Abduction
Dorsiflexion

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6
Q

What happens in supination of the foot?

A

Inversion
Adduction
Plantar flexion
(Add Plants In Soup)

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Synarthrodial

Convex fibula, concave fibular notch of the tibia

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8
Q

What are high ankle (or syndesmotic) sprains caused by?

A

Extreme and sudden dorsiflexion (landing from a jump). Rotational component included at times

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9
Q

What type of wooden joint used by carpenters does the ankle resemble?

A

Mortise joint

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10
Q

What is the loose-packed position of the talocrural joint?

A

Full plantarflexion

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11
Q

What is the close-packed position of the talocrural?

A

Full dorsiflexion

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12
Q

What are the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

Deltoid ligament

  1. Tibionavicular fibers
  2. Tibiocalcaneal fibers
  3. Tibiotalar fibers
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13
Q

What motion does the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle limit?

A

Eversion

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14
Q

What is the most frequently ligament injured in the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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15
Q

What motion does the anteriortalofibular ligament resist?

A

Excessive inversion of the ankle

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16
Q

What are the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?

A
  1. Anterior talofibular
  2. Calcaneofibular
  3. Posterior talofibular
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17
Q

What motion does the calcaneofibular ligament resist?

A

Inversion across talocrural and subtalar joints

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18
Q

What motion does the posteriortalofibular ligament resist?

A

Excessive abduction of talus, especially when combined with dorsiflexion

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19
Q

What is the ROM for dorsiflexion? Plantarflesion?

A

20; 50

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20
Q

What happens to the talus and collateral ligaments in dorsiflexion?

A

Talus rolls forward and slides posteriorly; posterior fibers become taut (cacaneofibular ligament, posterior tibiotalar)

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21
Q

What happens to the talus and collateral ligaments in plantarflexion?

A

Talus rolls backward and slides anteriorly; anterior fibers become taut (anterior talofibular lig, tibionavicular lig, anterior tibiotalar)

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22
Q

During non weight-bearing (open chain) the [calcaneus/talus] moves on the [calcaneus/talus].

A

Calcaneus; talus

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23
Q

During weight-bearing (closed chain) ________ moves on the [calcaneus/talus].

A

Talus and leg; calcaneus

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24
Q

Posterior articulation of the calcaneus and talus consist of a [concave/convex] facet of talus with a [concave/convex] facet of calcaneus.

A

Concave; convex

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25
Q

Which articulation is a PT normally focused on when performing mobilization techniques to increase flexibility of the rearfoot?

A

Posterior articulation

26
Q

What are the ligaments of the subtalar joint?

A

Calcaneofibular, tibiocalcaneal, interosseous, and cervical ligaments

27
Q

What limits eversion of subtalar joint?

A

Tibiocalcaneal fibers of deltoid ligament

28
Q

What limits inversion of subtalar joint?

A

Calcaneofibular, cervical, and interosseous ligaments

29
Q

In the subtalar joint there is a _____ arc of movement.

A

Curvilinear

30
Q

What is the close-packed position of subtalar joint?

A

Supination

31
Q

What is the loose-packed position of the subtalar joint?

A

Pronation

32
Q

What is the neutral position of the subtalar joint?

A

When the calcaneus us is placed in a position that exposes lateral and medial sides of talus equally

33
Q

What is the ROM for inversion of the subtalar joint? eversion?

A

22; 12

34
Q

Why is the ROM for inversion in the subtalar joint so much greater than eversion?

A

There is a bony block of the lateral malleolus and thick deltoid ligament

35
Q

What is the strong functional relationship between the transverse tarsal and subtalar joints?

A

Combined, they control most of the pronation and supination of the entire foot

36
Q

What are the two articulations of the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint

37
Q

What does the spring ligament in the talonavicular joint cause?

A

Laxity in pronated feet

38
Q

What do the long and short plantar ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint do?

A

Reinforce the plantar side of the joint, and provide structural stability to the lateral side of the foot

39
Q

How many axes of rotation are at the subtalar joint?

A

1

40
Q

How many axes of rotation are at the transverse tarsal joint?

A

2 (longitudinal and oblique)

41
Q

What effect on the mid foot does movement at the transverse tarsal joint have?

A

Makes the mid foot very adaptable in shape

42
Q

What does the tibialis posterior muscle do in supination?

A

Raises the navicular and medial arch

43
Q

What does the fibularis longus muscle do during pronation?

A

Lowers the medial arch and raises lateral arch

44
Q

What is the keystone you’re looking for in the breakdown of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Talonavicular joint

45
Q

What is the primary passive support of the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Plantar fascia

46
Q

What motion adds tension to the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Extension of the big toe

47
Q

What is a secondary line of support of the medial longitudinal arch that provides its support actively?

A

Tibialis posterior and fibularis longus muscles (strengthening of these muscles will not be enough for long term arch support)

48
Q

How are compression forces distributed on the foot?

A

60% in rearfoot
30% in forefoot
10% in midfoot

49
Q

Body depresses the talus _____, and ______ the medial longitudinal arch

A

inferiorly; flattens

50
Q

Tension in the ____________ acts as a semi-elastic tie-rod that yields slightly under load; allows only a marginal drop; absorbs body weight

A

Deep plantar fascia

51
Q

What is the primary load bearing and shock absorption structure of the foot?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

52
Q

What joint does body weight fall near?

A

Talonavicular

53
Q

Chronically dropped or abnormally low medial longitudinal arch

A

Pes Planus

54
Q

Does rigid or flexible yes planus require surgery?

A

Rigid does; flexible usually is orthoses

55
Q

Abnormally high medial longitudinal arch; places metatarsal heads more perpendicular to the ground

A

Pes cavus

56
Q

What does abnormal pronation of the subtalar joint lead to in the hip? in the knee? in the rear foot? in the mid and forefoot?

A

Internal rotation, flexion, adduction;
Increased values stress;
Pronation w/ low medial long. arch;
Supination

57
Q

What is the keystone of the transverse arch?

A

intermediate cuneiform

58
Q

Of the rays of the foot, which is the greatest in mobility?

A

1st ray

59
Q

A true joint does not form between the ____ and _____ metatarsals

A

first and second

60
Q

What is the proper name for “turf toe”

A

Hallux limitus/rigidus

61
Q

Progressive lateral deviation of the first toe

A

Hallux valgus

62
Q

Hallux valgus is excessive ____ of the first tarsometatarsal joint, and ____ of the MTP joint (relative to the body)

A

adduction; abduction

Kinesiology I (13 decks)

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