Chapter 2 Flashcards
Joint classification allowing slight to no movement;
Two types: (1) Fibrous, (2) Cartilaginous;
Stabilized via fibrous and cartilaginous connective tissue
Synarthrosis
Examples of this type of joint:
Sutures of skull, distal tibiofibular joint (sydesmosis), interosseous membrane reinforcing radio-ulnar joint
Fibrous Joint
Examples of this type of joint:
Symphysis pubis, inter body joint of spine (& invertebrate discs), manubriosteral joint
Cartilaginous Joint
Joint classification allowing moderate to extensive motion (aka Synovial)
Diarthrosis
Name the 7 elements always associated with a synovial joint
- Articular cartilage
- Synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid
- Joint capsule
- Ligaments
- Blood vessels
- Sensory nerves
Ligaments that come from a thickening of articular cartilage; resists motion in 2-3 planes; i.e., glenohumeral joint ligaments
Capsular ligaments
Cordlike ligments; resists motion in 1-2 planes; i.e., LCL of knee
Extracapsular ligaments
Name 5 elements sometimes associated with a synovial joint
- Menisci (intra-articular discs)
- Peripheral labrum
- Fat pads
- Bursae
- Synovial plicae
This type of joint has 1 DOF; movement takes place in the sagittal plane around a ML axis; concave on convex; i.e., humero-ulnar joint
Hinge joint
This type of joint spins in the horizontal plane around a vertical axis; i.e., radioulnar joint
Pivot joint
This type of joint has 2 DOF; Flexion/extension and adduction/abduction; i.e, radiocarpal joint
Ellipsoid joint
This type of joint has 3 DOF; Allows spin without dislocation; i.e., GH joint & hip
Ball and Socket joint
This type of joint has 2 DOF; Allows translation (slide) OR combined slide and rotation; i.e., carpometacarpal joints and intertarsal joints
Plane joint
This type of joint has 2 DOF; Limits spin, but allows circumduction (not true rotation); i.e. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Saddle joint
This type of joint has 2 DOF (either FL/EXT & ABD/ADD or FL/EXT & IR/ER rotation); 3rd DOF is restricted by ligaments or bony incongruities; i.e., tibiofemoral joint
Condyloid joint
The fibrocartilaginous extension on glenoid fossa and acetabulum; deepens concave part of joint, providing support and thickening the joint capsule attachment
Peripheral Labrum
Reduces volume of synovial fluid required for proper joint function; absorbed forces, and protects periarticular cartilage., including bone. If enlarged/inflamed, this can alter joint mechanics
Fat pads
Extension of synovial membrane; absorbed forces and protects periarticular cartilage, including bone
Bursae
Inflammation of subacromial bursa due to being compressed between the humerus and acromion
Subacromial Buritis
Pads of fibrocartilage in between articular surfaces; increase articular congruency and improves force dispersion; also known as intra-articular discs
Menisci
Increase synovial SA; allows full joint motion without causing further stress on synovial lining; if thick or inflamed, can cause pain and alter joint mechanics
Synovial plicae
