Chapter 2

Question 1

Joint classification allowing slight to no movement;

Two types: (1) Fibrous, (2) Cartilaginous;

Stabilized via fibrous and cartilaginous connective tissue

Answer 1

Synarthrosis

Question 2

Examples of this type of joint:

Sutures of skull, distal tibiofibular joint (sydesmosis), interosseous membrane reinforcing radio-ulnar joint

Answer 2

Fibrous Joint

Question 3

Examples of this type of joint:

Symphysis pubis, inter body joint of spine (& invertebrate discs), manubriosteral joint

Answer 3

Cartilaginous Joint

Question 4

Joint classification allowing moderate to extensive motion (aka Synovial)

Answer 4

Diarthrosis

Question 5

Name the 7 elements always associated with a synovial joint

Answer 5

1. Articular cartilage
2. Synovial membrane
3. Synovial fluid
4. Joint capsule
5. Ligaments
6. Blood vessels
7. Sensory nerves

Question 6

Ligaments that come from a thickening of articular cartilage; resists motion in 2-3 planes; i.e., glenohumeral joint ligaments

Answer 6

Capsular ligaments

Question 7

Cordlike ligments; resists motion in 1-2 planes; i.e., LCL of knee

Answer 7

Extracapsular ligaments

Question 8

Name 5 elements sometimes associated with a synovial joint

Answer 8

1. Menisci (intra-articular discs)
2. Peripheral labrum
3. Fat pads
4. Bursae
5. Synovial plicae

Question 9

This type of joint has 1 DOF; movement takes place in the sagittal plane around a ML axis; concave on convex; i.e., humero-ulnar joint

Answer 9

Hinge joint

Question 10

This type of joint spins in the horizontal plane around a vertical axis; i.e., radioulnar joint

Answer 10

Pivot joint

Question 11

This type of joint has 2 DOF; Flexion/extension and adduction/abduction; i.e, radiocarpal joint

Answer 11

Ellipsoid joint

Question 12

This type of joint has 3 DOF; Allows spin without dislocation; i.e., GH joint & hip

Answer 12

Ball and Socket joint

Question 13

This type of joint has 2 DOF; Allows translation (slide) OR combined slide and rotation; i.e., carpometacarpal joints and intertarsal joints

Answer 13

Plane joint

Question 14

This type of joint has 2 DOF; Limits spin, but allows circumduction (not true rotation); i.e. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Answer 14

Saddle joint

Question 15

This type of joint has 2 DOF (either FL/EXT & ABD/ADD or FL/EXT & IR/ER rotation); 3rd DOF is restricted by ligaments or bony incongruities; i.e., tibiofemoral joint

Answer 15

Condyloid joint

Question 16

The fibrocartilaginous extension on glenoid fossa and acetabulum; deepens concave part of joint, providing support and thickening the joint capsule attachment

Answer 16

Peripheral Labrum

Question 17

Reduces volume of synovial fluid required for proper joint function; absorbed forces, and protects periarticular cartilage., including bone. If enlarged/inflamed, this can alter joint mechanics

Answer 17

Fat pads

Question 18

Extension of synovial membrane; absorbed forces and protects periarticular cartilage, including bone

Answer 18

Bursae

Question 19

Inflammation of subacromial bursa due to being compressed between the humerus and acromion

Answer 19

Subacromial Buritis

Question 20

Pads of fibrocartilage in between articular surfaces; increase articular congruency and improves force dispersion; also known as intra-articular discs

Answer 20

Menisci

Question 21

Increase synovial SA; allows full joint motion without causing further stress on synovial lining; if thick or inflamed, can cause pain and alter joint mechanics

Answer 21

Synovial plicae