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Kinesiology I > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Slight, passive, convolutional movements allowed in most joints (also called joint play)

A

Accessory Movements

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2
Q

Push or pull generated by stimulated muscle

A

Active Force

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3
Q

Motion caused by stimulated muscle

A

Active Movement

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4
Q

Muscle or muscle group that is most directly related to the initiation and execution of a particular movement

A

Agonist Muscle

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5
Q

The generally agreed on reference position of the body used to describe the location and movement of its parts. In this position, a person is standing fully upright and looking forward, with arms resting by the side, forearms fully supinated, and fingers extended

A

Anatomical Position

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6
Q

Angle formed between a tendon of a muscle and the long axis of the bone into which it inserts

A

Angle-of-Insertion

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7
Q

Muscle or muscle group that has action opposite to a particular agonist muscle

A

Antagonist Muscle

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8
Q

Motion of roll, slide, and spin that occur between curved articular surfaces of joints

A

Arthrokinematics

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9
Q

Angular motion of an object in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis; often used to describe a motion in the horizontal plane

A

Axial Rotation

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10
Q

An imaginary line extending through a joint around which rotation occurs (also called the pivot point or the center of rotation)

A

Axis of Rotation

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11
Q

Effect of a force that deforms a material at right angles to its long axis

A

Bending

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12
Q

Point at the exact center of an object’s mass

A

Center of Mass

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13
Q

Unique position of most joints of the body where the articular surfaces are most congruent and the ligaments are maximally taut

A

Close-Packed Position

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14
Q

The inverse of stiffness

A

Compliance

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15
Q

A force, applied perpendicularly to the contact surface, that pushes or pulls on one object directly against another

A

Compression

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16
Q

Activated muscle that shortens as it produces a pulling force

A

Concentric Activation

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17
Q

A progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time

A

Creep

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18
Q

Number of independent directions of movements allowed at a joint

A

Degrees of Freedom

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19
Q

change in the linear or angular position of an object

A

Displacement

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20
Q

Type of movement in which the distal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed proximal segment (also called an open kinematic chain)

A

Distal-on-Proximal Segment Kinematics

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21
Q

A force, applied perpendicularly to the contact surface, that pushes or pulls one object directly away from another

A

Distraction

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22
Q

Activated muscle that is producing a pulling force while being elongated by another more dominant force

A

Eccentric Activation

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23
Q

Property of a material demonstrated by its ability to return to its original length after the removal of a deforming force

A

Elasticity

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24
Q

Push or pull produced by sources located outside the body

A

External Force

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25
Q

Perpendicular distance between an axis of rotation and the external force

A

External Moment Arm

26
Q

Product of an external force and its external moment arm

A

External Torque

27
Q

A push or a pull that produces, arrests, or modifies a motion

A

Force

28
Q

Two or more muscles acting in different linear directions, but producing a torque in the same rotary direction

A

Force-Couple

29
Q

Potential acceleration of a body toward the center of the earth as a result of gravity

A

Force of Gravity

30
Q

Push or pull produced by a structure located within the body

A

Internal Force

31
Q

Perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the internal (muscle) force

A

Internal Moment Arm

32
Q

Product of an internal force and its internal moment arm

A

Internal Torque

33
Q

Activated muscle that maintains a constant length as it produces a pulling force

A

Isometric Activation

34
Q

Force that exists at a joint, developed in reaction to the net effect of internal and external forces

A

Joint Reaction Force

35
Q

Branch of mechanics that deceives the motion of a body, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion

A

Kinematics

36
Q

Series of articulated segmented links, such as the connected pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot of the lower extremity

A

Kinematic Chain

37
Q

Branch of mechanics that describes the effort of forces and torques on the body

A

Kinetics

38
Q

Relative moment arm length possessed by a particular force

A

Leverage

39
Q

Direction and orientation of a muscle’s force

A

Line of Force

40
Q

Direction and orientation of the gravitational pull on a body

A

Line of Gravity

41
Q

General term that describes the application of a force to a body

A

Load

42
Q

Axis that extends within and parallel to a long bone or body segment

A

Longitudinal Axis

43
Q

Positions of most synovial joints of the body in which the articular surfaces are least congruent and the ligaments are slackened

A

Loose-Packed Positions

44
Q

Ratio of the IMA to the EMA

A

Mechanical Advantage

45
Q

Perpendicular distance between an axis of rotation and the line of force

A

Moment Arm

46
Q

Potential of a muscle to produce a torque within a particular plane of motion and rotation direction

A

Muscle Action

47
Q

Push or pull generated by sources other than stimulated muscle, such as tension in stretch periarticular connective tissues, physical contact, and so forth

A

Passive Force

48
Q

Motion produced by a source other than an activated muscle

A

Passive Movement

49
Q

Property of a material demonstrated by remaining permanently deform after removal of force

A

Plasticity

50
Q

Force divided by a surface area

A

Pressure

51
Q

Phenomenon in which relatively low-level tension within stretched connective tissues performs a useful function

A

Productive Antagonism

52
Q

Type of movement in which the proximal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed distal segment

A

Proximal-on-Distal Segment Kinematics

53
Q

Arthrokinematic term that describes when multiple points on one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface

A

Roll

54
Q

Angular motion in which a rigid body moves in a circular path around a pivot point or an axis of rotation

A

Rotation

55
Q

A force produced as two compressed objects slide past each other in opposite directions

A

Shear

56
Q

Arthrokinematic term describing when a single point on one articular surfaces contacts multiple points on another articular surface

A

Slide

57
Q

Arthrokinematic term describing when a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface

A

Spin

58
Q

Ratio of stress to strain within an elastic material

A

Stiffness

59
Q

Ratio of a tissue’s deformed length to its original length

A

Strain

60
Q

Force generated on a tissue resists deformation, divided by its cross-sectional area

A

Stress

61
Q

Two or more muscles that cooperate to execute a particular movement

A

Synergists

Kinesiology I (13 decks)

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