HILDEGARD PEPLAU Flashcards
THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
“the kind of person that the nurse becomes makes a substantial difference in what each patient will learn as he or she receives nursing care”
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Born in Reading, Pennsylvania in September 1, 1909
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Time when women were taught to believe that they have to choose between marriage and work
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Her leadership skills saved ANA from bankruptcy
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Became a member of the Army Nurse Corps and worked in a neuropsychiatric hospital in London
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Author of “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing”
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Died peacefully on March 7, 1999 at the age of 89
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Psychiatric Nurse of the Century
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Mother of Psychiatric Nursing
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Focus on nurse client relationship
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Nurse serves as a resource person, counselor, surrogate
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
Identified 4 phases of the nurse patient interaction
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
- Orientation Phase
- Identification Phase
- Exploitation Phase
- Resolution Phase
4 PHASES OF NURSE-CLIENT INTERACTION
• Problem defining phase
Orientation Phase
• Starts when client meets a stranger
Orientation Phase
• The individual has a felt need and seeks professional assistance
Orientation Phase
• Get acquainted phase of the nurse-patient relationship
Orientation Phase
• Preconceptions are worked through
Orientation Phase
• Parameters are established and met
Orientation Phase
• Early levels of trust are developed
Orientation Phase
• Roles begin to be understood
Orientation Phase
Values (N and P)
Factor Affecting Orientation Phase
Cultural Race (N and P)
Factor Affecting Orientation Phase
Beliefs (N and P)
Factor Affecting Orientation Phase
Past Experiences ( N and P)
Factor Affecting Orientation Phase
Expectations (N and P)
Factor Affecting Orientation Phase
Pre-conceived Ideas (N and P)
Factor Affecting Orientation Phase
• Patient have a feeling of belonging and capability of dealing with the problem
Identification Phase
• Nurse permits exploration of feelings
Identification Phase
• Patient identifies with those who can help him or her
Identification Phase
• The client begins to identify problems to be worked on within relationship
Identification Phase
• The goal of the nurse: to help the patient recognize his or her own interdependent or participation role and promote responsibility for self
Identification Phase
help the patient recognize his or her own interdependent or participation role and promote responsibility for self
The goal of the nurse
• Use of professional assistance for problem solving alternatives
Exploitation Phase
• Principle of interview and communication techniques must be used
Exploitation Phase
• Patient attempts to derive full value from what he or she is offered
Exploitation Phase
• Client’s trust of nurse reached full potential
Exploitation Phase
• Client making full use of nursing services
Exploitation Phase
• Solving immediate problems
Exploitation Phase
• Identifying and orienting self (discharge) goals
Exploitation Phase
• Also known as termination phase
Resolution Phase
• Patient’s needs have already been met
Resolution Phase
• Sometimes may be difficult
Resolution Phase
• Patient frees himself from identification with the nurse
Resolution Phase
Person, Environment, Health, Nursing
CONCEPTS
A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs
Person
An individual is made of physiological, psychological and social spheres striving towards equilibrium in life
Person
Man lives in an unstable balance of a given system
Person
Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture or socially approved way of living (norms, customs, beliefs)
Environment
Forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal and community living. Needs to be meet – physiological demands and interpersonal conditions
Health
Significant therapeutic interpersonal process
Nursing
The nurse with the health care team offer health services and project health holistically
Nursing
Stranger
Resource Person
Teacher
Leadership Role
Surrogate Role
Counselling Role
ROLES OF NURSING
the nurse treat patient with utmost courtesy which includes acceptance as a person and due respect over his individuality
Role of the Stranger
provides specific answers to his queries, which includes health information, advice, and a simple explanation of healthcare team’s course of care
Resource Person
assumes a teaching role when helping patient understand the therapeutic plan
Teacher
the nurse as a leader must act in behalf of the patient’s best interest and at the same time enable him to make decisions over his own care
Leadership Role
the patient’s dependency for care gives the nurse a surrogate (temporary care giver) role
Surrogate Role
the greatest importance and emphasis in nursing
Counselling Role
Strengthen nurse patient relationship as the nurse becomes a listener, empathic adviser
ROLES OF NURSING
The nurse must develop her discussion around the interest of the patient and his ability of using the information provided
Teacher
Response must appropriate to client’s level of understanding
Resource Person
easily understood, basic assumptions and key concept were clearly given, explained, broken down and outlined
Simplicity
Logical and applicable in general
Analysis of Peplau’s
limited to situation that communication can occur between nurse and client
Generality
Impossible to apply in senile, comatose, newborn group
Analysis of Peplau’s
This evaluative standard is not met
Analysis of Peplau’s
theory based on reality
Empirical precision
Can be tested and observed using pure observation
Analysis of Peplau’s
Can be validated and verified
Analysis of Peplau’s
The degree of precision could be more increased but with continued research
Analysis of Peplau’s
Derivable consequences
Analysis of Peplau’s
Ideas have greatly touched the lives of many patients, nurses, from students to practitioner
Analysis of Peplau’s
It gives direction to nursing practice, education and research
Analysis of Peplau’s
Client is reluctant to talk about the pain
OP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Client expressed that more pain is felt while in standing position
OP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Without movement and supine position gave her relief from pain
OP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Client participates and is interdependent with the nurse
IP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Expresses need for measures to get relief from pain
IP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Expresses the need for improving mobility
IP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Expresses need to know more about prognosis
IP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Cooperates and participates actively in performing exercises
EP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Client mobilizes, changes position and cooperates during position changes
EP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Expressed that pain has reduced a lot
RP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Agreed to continue exercise at home
RP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Expressed that she would come for regular follow up after discharge
RP IN CAPSULE TO THE CLIENT”S PROBLEM
Empirical knowing
Personal knowing
Ethical knowing
Aesthetic knowing
CARPER’S PATTERNS OF NURSING KNOWLEDGE
Although the client shows outward signals now, the nurse has sensed previously the client’s jumpiness and subtle differences in the client’s demeanor and behavior
Aesthetic knowing
Although the nurse patient’s shift has ended, she remains with the client
Ethical knowing
Client’s face shows the panic
Personal knowing
Client with panic disorder begins to attack. Panic attack will raise pulse rate
Empirical knowing
