High Yield Topics-Psychiatry Flashcards
Characterized by fear, anxiety, or avoidance of separation from major attachment figures; beyond the age-appropriate range; often a precursor to school refusal behavior (false physical complaints)
Separation anxiety disorder
Separation anxiety is, to some extent, developmentally appropriate for children between what age group
< 4 years
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for shizophrenia
> 6 months
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for shizophreniform
> 1 month but < 6 months
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for brief psychotic disorder; usually develops after stressful life-events.
< 1 month
The major difference b/w schizophrenia vs. schizoaffective disorder
In schizoaffective disorder, mood symptoms can be the majority of the illness as a prominent feature in addition to psychotic symptoms. In schizophrenia, mood symptoms are NOT the dominant feature.
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for schizoaffective disorder
> 2 weeks
A disorder with psychotic symptoms that appear exclusively during manic or depressive episodes
Mood disorder with psychotic features
A disorder with only delusion (false belief) without any other psychotic symptoms
Delusional disorder
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for Delusional disorder
> 1 month
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for major depressive disorder
at least 2 weeks
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
at least 2 years
Manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes
Bipolar I disorder
Hypomanic episodes + major depressive episodes
Bipolar II disorder
Persistent instability of mood involving numerous periods of depression and periods of hypomania
Cyclothymia
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for Bipolar I disorder
Manic episode lasting ≥ 1 week
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for Bipolar II disorder
Hypomanic episode lasting ≥ 4 consecutive days + Major depressive episode for at least 2 weeks
Time of duration needed to be diagnosed for Cyclothymia
≥ 2 years
distressing symptoms related to a specific traumatic event and lasting > 1 month following the event
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
distressing symptoms related to the traumatic event that last between 3 days to 1 month following the exposure
Acute stress disorder
a maladaptive emotional (anxiety) or behavioral (outburst) response to a stressor, symptoms lasting ≤ 6 months following resolution of the stressor;
Adjustment disorder
pronounced fear or anxiety of being in situations that are perceived as difficult to escape from
Agoraphobia
recurrent spontaneous and unexpected panic attacks that often occur without a known trigger
Panic disorder
Which generation of antipsychotics blocks only positive symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors
First generation (typical)
Which generation of antipsychotics blocks both dopamine (positive symptoms) and serotonin (negative symptoms) receptors
Second generation (atypical)
Which generation of antipsychotics is used for long term treatment of schizophrenia
Second generation (atypical)
Common endings of second generation (atypical) antipsychotics
- Know them cold!!!
- zapine/pine
- sidone/ridone
- prazole
Mnemonic for second generation (atypical) antipsychotics
CROZAQ
- clozapine
- risperidone
- olanzapine
- ziprasidone
- aripipirazole
- quetiapine
Side effects of second generation (atypical) antipsychotics
Weight gain/metabolic syndrome, EPS (akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia), and prolonged QTc
degrades biogenic amine neurotransmitters (eg, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine)
Monoamine oxidase
inhibit the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase and thereby increase the synaptic concentrations of these neurotransmitters
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
MAOIs are effective for depression and anxiety but are typically used only after other agents have failed because of the risk for what serious adverse effects?
- Hypertensive crisis
- MAOIs decrease peripheral degradation of tyramine (which normally gets degraded by MAO) –> hypertensive crisis can result from tyramine displacing stored monoamines such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine from synaptic vesicles - Serotonin syndrome
- Combining MAOIs with other serotonergic agents increases the risk for serotonin syndrome
a cluster A personality disorder that features odd or magical thinking, perceptual disturbances, social isolation (because of mistrust of others), and a constricted affect.
Schizotypal personality disorder
- Know this cold!!
a cluster A personality disorder that manifests with social indifference, social isolation, and a decreased range of emotions
Schizoid personality disorder
- Know this cold!!
the patient is preoccupied with one or more somatic symptoms such that these symptoms disrupt the patient’s daily life
somatoform disorder (aka. somatic symptom disorder)
Act by binding to the allosteric site of GABA receptor –> results in Cl- channel opening and influx of chloride ions into the neurons –> Neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of the action potential
Benzodiazepines
Flat affect (ie, reduced emotional expressiveness), decreased attention to personal hygiene, and thought blocking (ie, sudden inability to finish a thought) are findings typical of
schizophrenia
Low self-esteem, psychomotor slowing (ie, slow speech and movements), and social withdrawal are findings typical of
major depressive episode
pressured speech, racing thoughts, and grandiosity are findings typical of
Manic episodes (bipolar disorder)
Intoxication of (stimulant/depressants) present with nonspecific symptoms such as mood elevation, decreased anxiety, sedation, behavioral disinhibition, respiratory depression
depressants
- Alcohol
Opioids (morphine, heroine, methadone)
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Withdrawal of (stimulant/depressants) present with nonspecific symptoms such as anxiety, tremor, seizures, insomnia
depressants
- Alcohol
Opioids (morphine, heroine, methadone)
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
