High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 9 - 11

Question 1

With CWD, how often are sound waves mitted and received?

Answer 1

Continuously

Question 2

What is the shape of the normal tricuspid annulus?

Answer 2

Elliptical and Non-planar

Question 3

The severity of functional TR is best determined by:

Answer 3

Tricuspid Annular Diameter

Question 4

Which is the most sensitive echo sign of acute myocardial ischemia?

A. Decreased systolic wall thickening

B. Increased diastology wall thickness

C. Reduced endocardial excursion

D. Reduced epicardial excursion

E. Compensatory Hyperkinesis

Answer 4

A = Decreased Systolic Wall Thickening

Question 5

Cleaning of TEE probes is performed by:

Answer 5

Gluteraldehyde Submersion

Question 6

Increase in MPI (Myocardial Performance Index) from baseline implies what is occuring?

Answer 6

Worsening of systolic and diastolic dysfunction

Question 7

Using the photo below, what is the formula for the myocardial performance index?

Answer 7

[A - B] / B

Question 8

Is MPI (Myocardial Performance index) load dependent or independent?

Answer 8

Dependent

Question 9

Whata is MPI in terms of:
IVCT

IVRT

ET

Answer 9

[IVRT + IVCT] / ET

Question 10

What is a normal value of MPI?

Answer 10

< 0.35

Question 11

What MPI would tell you that LV dysfunction exists?

Answer 11

>0.5

Question 12

What is the formula for velocity of circumferential shortening?

Answer 12

FS / ET

Question 13

What TV Valve Leaflets are seen in the modified bicaval view?

Answer 13

Near field = Posterior / Septal

Far field (Away from probe) = Anterior

Question 14

Label Arrow 1

Answer 14

TG 2 chamber

TV leaflets

1 Posterior leaflet

2 Anterior or Septal

Question 15

Label Arrow 2

Answer 15

TG 2 chamber

TV leaflets

1 Posterior leaflet

2 Anterior or Septal

Question 16

Label 3

Answer 16

Anterior / septal leaflet in TV

Question 17

Label 1

Answer 17

Tricuspid Valve TG 2 chamber

1 = Posterior Leaflet

Question 18

Label 2

Answer 18

Tricuspid Valve TG 2 chamber

2 = Anterior or Septal Leaflet

Question 19

Label 3

Answer 19

Tricuspid Valve

RV Inflow Outflow

3 = Anterior or Septal leaflet

Question 20

Label 4

Answer 20

Tricuspid Valve

RV Inflow Outflow

4 = Posterior leaflet

Question 21

Label 5

Answer 21

Tricuspid Valve

ME 4 chamber RV Focused

5 = Septal leaflet

Question 22

Label 6

Answer 22

Tricuspid Valve

ME 4 chamber RV Focused

6 = Anterior or Posterior

Question 23

Label 7

Answer 23

Tricuspid Valve

TG RV Basal View

7 = Posterior leaflet

Question 24

Label 8

Answer 24

Tricuspid Valve

TG RV Basal View

8 Anterior leaflet

Question 25

What improves lateral resolution?

Answer 25

Multiple focusing

Question 26

What improves axial resolution?

Answer 26

Decreasing Spatial Pulse Length

Question 27

What improves temporal resolution?

Answer 27

Higher frame rates

Question 28

The myocardial performance index assesses what 2 things?

Answer 28

1. LV Systolic Function 2. LV Diastolic Function

Question 29

What is the Fractional Area Change?

Answer 29

[EDA - ESA] / EDA x 100

Question 30

What is a normal E' value?

Answer 30

\>10 cm/sec = Normal

Question 31

What is an abnormal e' value

Answer 31

\<8 cm/sec

Question 32

When can you say that E' value is: Load independent vs. Load dependent?

Answer 32

Load independent = Patients with diastolic dysfunction Load dependent = Normal Patients

Question 33

Is Vp load independent or load dependent?

Answer 33

Load dependent

Question 34

What does dp/dt measure?

Answer 34

Systolic Function

Question 35

What is dp/dt independent of? What is dp/dt dependent of?

Answer 35

What is dp/dt independent on **afterload** What is dp/dt dependent on **preload**

Question 36

What is the best view for assessing myocardial performance index?

Answer 36

TG Deep LAX

Question 37

To get a fractional shortening measurements, what can not be in the M-mode in the TG Mid Papillary View?

Answer 37

Papillary muscles

Question 38

What is a normal Vp?

Answer 38

\>50 m/sec

Question 39

The embryological remnant of the sinus venosus in the heart is?

Answer 39

Crista Terminalis

Question 40

What valve leaflets are seen in the mitral valve commissural view?

Answer 40

Left = P3 Middle = A2 Right = P1

Question 41

What is seen at the arrows here? What view is this?

Answer 41

Innominate vein View = Upper Esophageal Aortic Arch LAX View

Question 42

What is the fresnel zone of the ultrasound beam?

Answer 42

Beam starts to narrow before the focal zone

Question 43

What are the 4 sequelae of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 43

**Septum is shifted anteriorly** 1. VSD 2. Over-riding Aorta 3. Pulmonary Obstruction 4. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 44

What is the distance between C and D?

Answer 44

Inter-trigonal distance Mitral Valve

Question 45

The durations of the transmitral A vwave and pulmonary venous A wave reversal can be compared to estimate what?

Answer 45

LVEDP Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressurer