High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 21-23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are who aspects that increase significance of pressure recovery?

A
  1. Increased Aortic Stenosis severity
  2. Decrease in aortic root size (Women and children)
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2
Q

When you are performing a cath-derived peak pressure, how does that comprae to doppler derived gradients?

A

Pressure Recovery

CWD > Cath

Cath derived are measured distl to areaa of “low” pressure yielding lower pressure graadients than the actual peaka

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3
Q

What is the doppler equation?

A

Change in F = V cos (angle) 2 Ft / C

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4
Q

What is a normal MPI (Myocardial Performance Index)?

A

< 0.35

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5
Q

What is a MPI (Myocardial Performance Index) that represents LV dysfunction?

A

>0.5

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6
Q

Does MPI (Myocardial Performance Index) a measure of systolic or diastolic function?

A

BOTH

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7
Q

Is MPI (Myocardial Performance Index) load dependent?

A

NOT load dependent

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8
Q

What is the MPI (Myocardial Performance Index) equation?

A

[IVRT + IVCT] /ET

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9
Q

What TEE view do you need to obtain MPI (Myocardial Performance Index)?

A

TG Deep 5 chamber

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10
Q

What is the answer to the photo?

A

B = Isovolumetric Contraction Time

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11
Q

A RV MPI above WHAT was found to be predictive of hemodynamic instability and mortality afater cardiac valvular surgery?

A

0.5

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12
Q

What view is needed to get RV MPI values?

A

Deep TG RV outflow

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13
Q

What ultrasound modality allows us to see movement not speed or direction?

A

Power Doppler

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14
Q

What is the velocity of sound in units (mm/microsecond)?

A

1.54 mm / microsecond

1540 m/sec is other units

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15
Q

How does the PWD shift if you move the cursor from the distal LA to the MV annulus?

  1. Peak E wave change?
  2. Deceleration time change?
A
  1. Peak E wave increases
  2. Deceleration time decreases
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16
Q

What is the neck of a true anuerysm of the LV?

A

Wide

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17
Q

What is the neck of a pseudoanuerysm of the LV?

A

Narrow Neck

18
Q

What is the neck/aneurysm diameter of a pseudoanuerysm of the LV?

A

<0.5

19
Q

What is the neck/aneurysm diameter of a true aneurysm of the LV?

A

Neck/Aneurysm size >0.5

20
Q

What does the myocardial to aneurysm transition look like for aneurysm vs. pseudoaneurysm?

A

Aneurysm = Gradual transition

Pseudoaneurysm = Abrupt transition

21
Q

What does the angle between normal myocardium and aneurysm look like for aneurysm vs. pseudoaneurysm?

A

Aneurysm = Wide angle

Pseudo = Narrow angle

22
Q

If you are given RAP and Peajk velocity of AV, what other information is needed to calculate LAP?

A

Peak PFO velocity

23
Q

If you are given RAP and BP, what other information is needed to calculate LAP?

A

Peak MR velocity

LVSP - LAP = Delta P = (VMR)2

24
Q

For MHz (Mega Hz), this is one cycle per what unit of time?

A

1 cycle = 1 microsecond

25
Q

For MHz (Mega Hz), how many cycles are in one second?

A

1 million cycle / second

26
Q

What tricuspid valve leaflets are seen here?

A

Left = Septal / Posterior leaflet

Right = Anterior

27
Q

What is the least likely location of a myxoma?

A

Attached to aortic valve

28
Q

What is the most common location of primary cardiac myxoma?

A

LA attached to interatrial septum

29
Q

What is the formula for fractional area change?

A

[End distolic area - End systolic area*] / *End Diastolic area

30
Q

Rank the following media in order of increasing ultrasound velocity (highest velocity medium last)

Air

Bone

Fat

Lung

Soft Tissue

A

Air < Lung < Fat < Soft Tissue < Bone

31
Q

What are the echocardiographic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

Coaptation length

A

Coaptation Length > 2mm

32
Q

What are the echocardiographic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

Coaptation Depth

A

Coaptation Depth <11 mm

33
Q

What are the echocardiographic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

Flail Gap

A

Flail Gap < 10 mm

34
Q

What are the echocardiographic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

Flail Width

A

Flail width < 15 mm

35
Q

What are the anatomic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

MR jet associated with what two leaflets?

A

A2 and P2 segments

36
Q

What hasa to be absent of the mitral valve in order to be considered for a MitraClip?

A

Absent:

  1. Severe Mitral Calcification
  2. Leaflet calcificaation in the grasping area
  3. Significant cleft or leaflet perforation
  4. Restricted Posterior Leaflet
37
Q

What are the anatomic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

LVEF has to be above what?

A

LVEF >20% in order to get a MitraClip

38
Q

What are the anatomic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

Leaflet thickness

A

Leaflet thickness <5 mm

39
Q

What are the anatomic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

LV End Diastolic dimension?

A

LV End Diastolic dimension < 60 mm

40
Q

What are the anatomic inclusion criteria for Mitraclip for:

Mitral Valve area?

A

MVA > 4 cm2 to get a MitraClip

41
Q
A

Answer = A

Relaxation is impaired

LAP is low or normal