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PTE Masters + A Practical Approach to Transesophageal Echocardiography > High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 3, 4, 5 > Flashcards

High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 3, 4, 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Regarding strain and strain rate, is it angle dependent or angle independent?

A

Angle independent

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2
Q

Regarding strain and strain rate, is it load dependent or angle independent?

A

Load independent

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3
Q

Regarding speckle tracking, is it angle dependent or angle independent?

A

angle independent

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4
Q

Regarding speckle tracking, is it load dependent or load independent?

A

Load independent

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5
Q

What is seen here?

A

Membranous VSD RV Inflow Outflow

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6
Q

Label Structure 1 and 2

A

TG 2 chamber Mitral Valve leaftlets

1 = Posterior Leaflet (Closest to the probe)

2 = Anterior or Septal

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7
Q

What is structure Z?

A

Right Pulmonary Artery

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8
Q

What is structure X?

A

Right Upper Pulmonary Vein

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9
Q

What type of ASD is this?

What syndrome is associated with this type of ASD?

A

Superior Sinus Venosus ASD

Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

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10
Q

How do you tell the difference beteween a Sinus Venosus ASD vs. a Secundum ASD?

A

Proximity ot the Crista Terminalis (See image)

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11
Q

What is the valve in the coronary sinus that can make placing a retrograde catheter difficult?

A

Thebesian valve

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12
Q

What is seen here?

A

Ostium Primum ASD

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13
Q

What is a Eustachian valve?

A

The eustachian valve (also known as the “valve of the inferior vena cava”) is a ridge of variable thickness in the inferior right atrium. It is a remnant of a fetal structure that directed incoming oxygenated blood to the foramen ovale and away from the right atrium.

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14
Q

If you get MR from a Ostium Primum ASD, what is the etiology of the MR?

A

Cleft Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet

*HIgh Yield per Tommy Burch*

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Ostium Primum ASD?

A

Defect in Endocardial Cushions

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16
Q

What is seen here?

A

Ostium Secundum ASD

17
Q

Patient was born with Ostium Secundum ASD. What is seen in the ME LAX view here?

A

Stray ASD closure device

18
Q

What % of Tetrology of Fallot Patients have right aortic arch?

A

25%

19
Q

With the anterior/rightward shift of the Septum in TOF, what are the 4 consequences?

A
  1. VSD
  2. Overriding Aorta
  3. Pulmonary Obstruction
  4. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
20
Q

What walls are usually spared in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

A

Basal Inferolateral (formerly called the posterior wall)

Look at image

21
Q

Which ultrasound principle most likely predicts the bioeffects of ultrasound?

A

Intensity

22
Q

For a bubble study to evaluate for intraatrial connection, in how many beats would this have to be valid?

A

RA to LA in less than 5 beats with valsalva and agitated saline, bubbles must cross

23
Q

What is the advantgae of a variaance color map over a velocity color map?

A

Ability to detect turbulence in addition to direction

24
Q

When you are looking at a velocity color map, how do you draw the box?

A

BART

Blue = Away from transducer (bottom of box)

Red = Toward transducer (top fo the box)

Black line = No flow

25
Q

When you draw a variance color map, what side of laminara flow and what side of turbulent flow?

A

Left = Laminar flow

Right = Turbulent flow

26
Q

What is the difference in non-imaging prboes vs. imaging probes concerning:

Backing material?

A

Non-imaging* probles have *NO backing materail

Imaging probles have backing materail

27
Q

What is the difference in non-imaging prboes vs. imaging probes concerning:

Pulse Length?

A

Non-imaging = Long Pulse

Imaging = Shorter Pulse

28
Q

What is the difference in non-imaging prboes vs. imaging probes concerning:

Bandwidth?

A

Non-imaging probe = Narrow Bandwidth

Imaging Probe = Wider Bandwidth

29
Q

What is the equation for Quality Factor (Q)?

A

Main Frequency / Bandwidth

30
Q

What happens to the septal tricuspid leaflet in Ebstein Anomaly?

A

Apical Displacement of the septal tricuspid leaflet

31
Q

What is diagnostic for Ebstein Anomaly for distance between the insertion of anterior mitral leaflet and septal tricuspid leaflet?

A

> 0.8 cm/m2

32
Q

What happens to the IV septum with ebstein anomaly?

A

Diastolic flattening of the IV septum

33
Q

What arrythmia is associated with ebstein anomaly?

A

SVT

34
Q

What is seen in the hepatic venous blood cycle during atrial systole with severe pulmonary hypertension?

A

Reversal of Hepatic Venous Blood during atrial systole

35
Q

What is seen in the hepatic venous blood cycle during ventricular systole with severe TR?

A

Reveral of Ventricular systole

PTE Masters + A Practical Approach to Transesophageal Echocardiography (55 decks)

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