High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 15 - 17

Question 1

What does dp/dt require to assess LV systolic function?

Answer 1

MR jet with CWD

Question 2

What is the most common site of LV aneurysm after MI?

Answer 2

Inferior wall = Most common

(Also in LV apex)

Question 3

PISA method shown to calculate EROA is based on wha equation?

Answer 3

Continuity Equation

Question 4

Using this picture below, what is our Aliasing velocity?

Answer 4

38 cm/sec

Question 5

What is the greatest source of error in the PISA method for calculation of EROA is what?

Answer 5

Radius of the isovelocity shell

A_PISA = 2(pi)radius ² x (Alpha Angle) / 180

Question 6

When calculating PISA, in what direction do you want to shift the baseline?

(Towards or away the direction of flow?)

Answer 6

Shift baseline TOWARDS the direction of flow

Question 7

What E’/e’ value would indicate elevated LV filling pressures with decreased EF?

Answer 7

E/e’ > 15

Question 8

What E’/e’ value would indicate elevated LV filling pressures with normal EF?

Answer 8

E/e’ > 13

Question 9

Draw what the eccentricity index looks like

Answer 9

Anterior - Posterior Diameter (numerator)

Medial - Lateral Diameter (denominator)

Question 10

How does the eccentricity index change with RV failure from volume/pressure overload?

Answer 10

Eccentricity index will go up

Question 11

What combination of ASD and VSD describes a transitional AV canal defect?

Answer 11

1. ASD - Ostium Primum
2. VSD - Restrictive Inlet

Question 12

What defines a partial AV Canal? (Terms of ASD and VSD)

Answer 12

Ostium Primum ASD

NO VSD

Question 13

What defines a Complete AV Canal? (Terms of ASD and VSD)

Answer 13

ASD (Ostium Primum)

+

VSD (non-restrictive)

Question 14

What is at point “A”?

Answer 14

Isovolumetric Contraction TIme

Question 15

What is indicated at the arrow?

Answer 15

Right Upper Pulmonary Vein in Sinus Venosus ASD

The RUPV drains into the SVC (Anomalous drainage)

Question 16

Draw an EKG and then label:

1. Atrial Systole and Diastole
2. Ventricular Systole and Diastole

Answer 16

PR = Atrial Systole

QT = Ventricular Systole

Question 17

How does a tricuspid annulus dilate from chronic volume overload?

(In what dimensions)

Answer 17

Septal-Lataral Dimensions

Question 18

What is a normal absolute eccentricity index?

What is an abnormal absolute value?

Answer 18

Normal ~ 1

Abnormal > 1

Question 19

The myocardial performance index measures what types of cardiac function?

Answer 19

Systolic and diastolic

Question 20

What is the formula for Myocardial Performance index?

Answer 20

Isovolumetric Contraction Time + Isovolumetric Relaxation Time

Divided by

Ejection TIme

Question 21

What view can you obtain Myocardial Performance Index

Answer 21

TG LAX

OR

Deep Transgastric 5 chamber

(You need to see both E/A waves from Mitral valve inflow and VTI from LVOT)

Question 22

What is seen in the arrow in the image?

Answer 22

Refraction

Question 23

What is snells law?

Answer 23

Sin (Angle) = V2 / V1 x (sin angle i)

Question 24

What phase of LV inflow is circled?

What phasae of LV inflow haa the gray arrow pointed to it?

Answer 24

Circle = Rapid Filling Phase

Arrow = Atrial contraction (late filling)

Question 25

What E / Vp ratio indicates increrase in LAP?

Answer 25

E / Vp > 2.5

Question 26

What is labeled here?

Name view and structure

Answer 26

TG RV inflow Posterior Leaflet of Tricuspid Valve