HIGH YIELD Flashcards
this disease causes hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin action or insulin production?
insulin deficient is what type?
insulin resistant is what type?
diabetes mellitus
type I DM
type II DM
insulin resistance affects what organs?
liver
muscle
adipose tissue
*leading to hyperglycemia
pre diabetes can be measured with what two tests?
fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
2 hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
what percent of DM patients develop risk for foot ulcer?
what is the most common cause of non traumatic LE amputations?
25%
the diabetic foot
why is diabetic prevention important?
*how can we prevent?
reduction in ulcerations
reduction in amputations
reduction in mortality
*physical exams(vascular, neurological, derma, musculoskeletal), patient education (regular schedule DF exams, blood glucose control, daily foot inspections)
in the dermatologic exam, what is the most important consideration to remember when evaluating an ulcer?
size=length x width x depth
Who is at risk for diabetes?
peripheral neuropathy
vascular deficiency
prior h/o ulceration/amputation
osseous deformity
general/systemic risk factors for ulceration?
uncontrolled hyperglycemia duration of diabetes PVD blindness/visual loss chronic renal disease older age
local risk factors for ulceration?
peripheral neuroopathy structural foot deformity trauma callus history of prior ulceration
systemic diabetic complications?
micro/macrovascular metabolic cerebrovascular cardiovascular retinopathy nephropathy neuropathy
what are the major concerns for the diabetic foot?
vascular compromise
neurologic compromise
immunologic compromise
musculoskeletal/dermatologic compromise
T/F, vascular compromise is a direct cause of ulceration?***
no, it isn’t, prolongs the healing process and so increase risk of amputation
what are the noninvasive vascular studies?
if anything more than, what should be done?
ABI
TBI
TCPO2
vascular consultation
major example of vascular compromise seen in diabetic patients?
monckenberg sclerosis
what are the examples of neurologic compromise?
sensory neuropathy
motor neuropathy
autonomic neuropathy
Charcot neuropathy
