Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PANCE prep JQ > Hematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of anemia

A

Iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 types of microcytic hypochromic anemias

A

Iron deficiency

Thalassemia

Sideroblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

X linked recessive disorder with bite cells and Heinz bodies found in peripheral smear

A

G6PD deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What abn labs do you expect with hereditary spherocytosis?

A

RBC lack central pallor and have increased osmotic fragility

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electrophoresis reveals HbS

A

Sickle cell dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pancytopenia and bone marrow biopsy shows absence of precursors if hematopoesis

A

Aplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To determine protest probability for DVT or PE use this

A

Well’s criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CXR findings for PE

A

Hampton’s hump and westemark sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If pt is hemodynamically stable what test do you use to confirm PE?

A

CTPA or VQ scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If pt is NOT hemodynamically stable what test do you use to confirm PE?

A

Echocardiogram to look for R ventricular collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Auer rods

A

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Associated with abn BCR-ABL1 gene/Philadelphia chromosome

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphoma seen in young adults associated with EBV and presenting with severe pain after alcohol

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fatigue, bone pain, and neurological changes in a 66yr old African American should make you think of this

A

Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathology of anemia of chronic dz/anemia of inflammation

A

Hepcidin induced alteration in iron metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This type of thalassemia is more common in people of Mediterranean descent

A

Thalassemia B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This type of Thalassemia is more common in people of African and Asian descent

A

Thalassemia A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 4 things might you see on peripheral smear in Sickle cell dz?

A

Sickle cells

Nucleated RCBs

Target cells

Howell-Jolly bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common acute leukemia in adults

A

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rare EKG findings for PE

A

S1Q3T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells (multinucleated popcorn cells)

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

X rays show generalized osteoporosis with lytic lesions

A

Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Iron studies for iron deficiency anemia

A

Low ferritin and iron

High TIBC and tranferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does peripheral smear look like with iron deficiency?

A

Anisocytosis and poikilocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

MCV for microcytic anemia

A

<80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MCV for macrocytic anemia

A

> 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Immature RCB are called and indicate what in anemia?

A

Retuculocytes

Indicate anemia is due to blood loss or increased RBC destruction (not a synthesis or bone marrow issue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cooley’s anemia

A

AKA beta thalassemia major

Born with no problem but developed severe anemia over the first year of life as fetal Hgb is no longer available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Basophillic stippling

A

Associated with Beta thalassemia, lead poisonous and sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Type of anemia associated with chronic alcoholism

A

Sideroblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Heinz bodies

A

Associated with alpha thalassemia and G6 PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Megaloblastic anemia with glossitis and vague GI symptoms that developed over months

A

Folate deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Megaloblastic anemia with glossitis, jaundice, splenomegaly and neurological findings that developed over years

A

B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This medication will decrease incidence of painful sickle cell crises

A

Hydroxyurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chronic lymphoid neoplasm caused by progressive accumulation of functionality incompetent B lymphocytes

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Most common inherited clotting disorder

A

Von willebrand dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Deficiency in factor VII

A

Hemophilia A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Deficiency in factor IX

A

Hemophillia B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Christmas disease

A

Hemophilia B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Reduction in synthesis of globin chains

A

Thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Second most common cause of anemia

A

Chronic disease/inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What do you expect to see in peripheral smear of sideroblastic anemia?

A

Siderocytes and pappenheimer bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Megaloblastic anemia with elevated homocysteine and normal methylmalonic acid levels

A

Folate deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Megaloblastic anemia with elevated homocysteine and elevated methylmalonic acid levels

A

B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Positive shillings test

A

B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Spontaneous hemarthrosis should make you think

A

Hemophillia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Rare deficiency in clotting factor XI seen more in Ashkenazi Jews

A

Hemophilia C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Pernicious anemia pathology

A

Autoimmune response to intrinsic factor that prevents absorption of dietary B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Iron studies in anemia of chronic dz

A

Fe and TIBC low

Ferritin elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Episodic hemolytic anemia associated with sulfa drugs, favs beans, and infections

A

G6PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

RBC stack together like coins on peripheral smear

Suggestive of multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Coarse blue granules in RBCs

A

Basophillic stippling

Sideroblastic anemia, heavy metal poisioning, thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

B12 deficiency etiologies

A

Pernicious anemia

Strict vegans

Malabsorption:ETOH, celiacs, crohns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Potential side effect of b12 therapy

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Clinical presentation of Fe deficiency anemia

A

Pagophagia(ice craving), pics, angular checkouts, koilonychia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

Dysphasia, esophageal webs, strophic glossitis and Fe deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What increases Fe absorption?

A

vit C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Iron chelation agents that can be used in thalassemia tx

A

IV Deferoxamine or PO Deferasirox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

MC population to be affected by G6PD deficiency

A

African American males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Tx for sickle cell crisis

A

IV hydration, O2, and narcotic for pain control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Measures efficacy of intrinsic coagulation cascade

A

PTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Measures efficacy of extrinsic coagulation cascade

A

PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Abs to ADAMTS13 leads to large vWF —> Sm vessel thrombosis and hemolytic anemia

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

TTP treatment of choice

A

Plasmapheresis

*sometimes corticosteroids are used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Desmopressin has these 2 effects on the clotting cascade

A

Increases factor VIII and vWF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

MC hereditary bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand Disease

67
Q

Thrombocytopenia labs

A

PT and PTT unaffected

Bleeding time prolonged

Platelet count low

68
Q

Hemophillia labs

A

PT, bleeding time, platelet count are unaffected

PTT prolonged

69
Q

Von willibrand disease labs

A

PT and platelet count unaffected

Bleeding time and PTT prolonged

70
Q

Warfarin/vit K deficiency labs

A

PT prolonged

PTT, bleeding time, and platelet count unaffected

71
Q

Clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma

A

BREAK

Bone pain
Recurrent infections
Elevated calcium 
Anemia
Kidney failure
72
Q

Tx for multiple myeloma

A

Autologous stem cell transplant

73
Q

MC cause of inherited hypercoagulability

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

74
Q

Warfarin induced skin necrosis is associated with this inherited hypercoagulability disorder

A

Protein C deficiency

75
Q

Tx of choice for Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Dacarbazine, bleomycin, vinblastine, and doxrubicin (ABVD)

76
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Variation in RBC size

RDW >15%

77
Q

To diagnose anemia Hgb level must be:

A

<14 in men

<12 in women

78
Q

Average lifespan of a RBC

79
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Variation in RBC shape

80
Q

Polychromasia

A

Blue reticulocytes

Lots of blue means lots of new

81
Q

Cold agglutinins

82
Q

Warm agglutinins

83
Q

What can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?

A

Dehydration, hypoxia,high altitude, or intense exercise

84
Q

PTT rest is used to assess

A

Intrinsic and common coagulation pathways

Monitor heparin

85
Q

PT test is used to asses

A

Extrinsic and common coagulation pathways

Monitor warfarin

86
Q

Factor 8 deficiency

A

Hemophillia A

87
Q

Factor 9 deficiency

A

Hemophillia B

88
Q

INR goals

A

1.5-2 prophylaxis

2-3 VTE, afib, or aortic valve

2.5-3.5 mitral valve replacement

89
Q

AKI in children after a O157:H7 E. coli infection

90
Q

Ab against ADAMTS-13

91
Q

Describe IgM

A

Large, first responder Ab

Lives up to 10d

92
Q

When sound you screen babies for iron deficiency anemia?

93
Q

G6PD deficiency is associated with which ethnicities?

A

African, Mediterranean, and Asian

94
Q

MC bleeding disorder in peds

95
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

vWF deficiency

96
Q

This disorder is associated with warfarin induced skin necrosis

A

Protein C deficiency

97
Q

Cofactor for protein C

98
Q

Activates protein C

A

Factor V Leiden

99
Q

MC small vessel vasculitis

100
Q

Palpable purpura should make you think of this

101
Q

MC soiling tumor in childhood

A

Brain tumor

102
Q

MC abdominal tumor in peds

A

Neuroblastoma

  • crosses midline
103
Q

2nd MC abd tumor in peds

A

Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor)

*rarely crosses midline

104
Q

MC primary bone tumor in peds

A

Osteosarcoma

105
Q

2nd MC bone tumor in peds

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

106
Q

Rhabdomyosarcomas are MC located

A

On head and neck

107
Q

MC type of skin Ca

108
Q

Describe BCC

A

Modular

Pearly

Telangiectasias

*MC in head and neck

109
Q

Describe SCC

A

Friable

Pruritic

Warty

110
Q

AKs May develop into this type of skin Ca

111
Q

MC type of malignant melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

112
Q

Progressive dysphasia should make you concerned for this

A

Esophageal cancer

113
Q

This type of esophageal cancer is associated with smoking, ETOH consumption, and is more common in African Americans

114
Q

This type of esophageal cancer is associated with GERD and is more common in Caucasian males

A

Adenocarcinoma

115
Q

> 90% of stomach cancers are

A

Adenocarcinomas

116
Q

Enlarged left supraclavicular LN associated with GI Ca

A

Virchow’s node

117
Q

Enlarged periumbilical LN associated with GI Ca

A

Sister Many Joseph’s node

118
Q

Enlarged left axillary LN associated with GI Ca

A

Irish node

119
Q

Blood marker used to monitor colon cancer recurrence

120
Q

When do colonoscopies start for pt with FAP?

121
Q

When do colonoscopies start for pts with Lynch syndrome/HNPCC?

122
Q

How do you diagnose Lynch syndrome/HNPCC?

A

Amsterdam Criteria

3 family members
2 generations
1 under 50

123
Q

What is the MC site for lung cancer to metastasize to?

124
Q

Most metastatic brain cancer originated from the…

125
Q

Identify the lung cancer type: originated in central airways, Hilar mass, very aggressive

A

Small cell carcinoma/oat cell

126
Q

Identify the lung cancer type: Most common type, distal/peripheral mass

A

Adenocarcinoma

127
Q

Identify the lung cancer type: central/main bronchus origin, cavitary masses, hemoptysis

128
Q

Identify the lung cancer type: very aggressive, can be central or peripheral

A

Large cell carcinoma

129
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome(s) is small/oat cell lung cancer associated with?

A

SIADH
SVC syndrome
ATCH/cushings
Eaton-Lambert

130
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome(s) is Adenocarcinoma lung cancer associated with?

A

Usually none

131
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome(s) is squamous cell lung cancer associated with?

A

PTH secretion->bone destruction

Pancost syndrome (Horner’s + unilateral weakness)

132
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome(s) is Large cell lung cancer associated with?

A

HCG secretion-> gynecomastia

133
Q

MC type of breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

134
Q

Compare: ductal carcinoma in situ with lobular carcinoma in situ

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ May become invasive so should be treated as malignancy

Lobular carcinoma in situ does NOT become invasive so it does not warrant treatment but women should have increased surveillance since they are at greater risk for invasive carcinoma

135
Q

How does ductal carcinoma in situ appear on mammogram?

A

Cluster pleomorphic calcifications

136
Q

This type of breast cancer is often bilateral and estrogen receptor positive.

A

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma

137
Q

How do you treat vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)?

A

If usual type associated with HPV in younger women: CO2 laser vaporization

If differentiated type not associated with HPV in older women: excision

138
Q

MC symptom of vulvar cancer

139
Q

Age distribution of vulvar cancer

A

Bimodal 20-40 and 60-70

140
Q

Elderly women who develop vulvar cancer often have hx of these conditions(3)

A

Lichen sclerosis

Lichen simplex chronicus

Squamous cell hyperplasia

141
Q

MC type of vaginal cancer

142
Q

Vaginal cancer is MC caused by

A

Mets from endometrium, cervix, or ovaries

143
Q

Concerning features of adenexal masses (3)

A

Thick >2mm septations

Modular or papillary solid component

Increased blood flow

144
Q

4 subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer

A

Serous (MC 80%)

Endometriod

Clear cell

Mucinous

145
Q

Epithelial ovarian cancer is associated with this blood marker

146
Q

5 subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumors

A 
Dysgerminoma (MC)
Endodermis sinus
Immature teratoma 
Embryonal carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
147
Q

Who gets germ cell ovarian tumors?

A

Young women in 20-30s

148
Q

Germ cell ovarian tumors are associated with this blood marker

149
Q

2 subtypes of sex-cord stromal ovarian tumors

A

Granulosa (MC)

Sertoli

150
Q

What hormone changes occur with sex-cord stromal ovarian tumors?

A

Granulosa: hyperestrogenism

Sertoli:hyperandrogenism

151
Q

What do you do if PAP comes back back ASCUS or LSIL (most CIN I)?

A

Repeat PAP in 12m

152
Q

What do you do if your PAP comes back HSIL-CIN I?

153
Q

What do you do if your PAP comes back HSIL or ASCH (usually CIN2 or >)?

154
Q

MC type GYN cancer

A

Endometrial

155
Q

2nd MC type of GYN cancer

156
Q

Increased tranferrin
Increased TIBC
Decreased Ferritin

A

Iron deficiency anemia

*decreased serum Fe present in iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic dz

157
Q

Decreased tranferrin
Decreased TIBC
Increased ferritin

A

Anemia of chronic dz

*decreased serum Fe present in iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic dz

158
Q

G6PD episodic hemolysis is associated with(3)

A

Sulfa drugs

Favs beans

Infection

*states of increased oxidative stress

159
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

RBCs stacked together

Suggest multiple myeloma

160
Q

Where is B12 absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum (CD)

161
Q

Pagophagia

A

Ice craving

162
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Overproduction of all 3 myeloid cell line

163
Q

Bronze diabetes

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

164
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies should make you think of

A

B12 or folate deficient anemia, sickle cell anemia and celiac disease

PANCE prep JQ (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions